中文摘要：

RNA编辑是RNA转录过程中序列变化而引起的一种基因动态调控机制。腺苷脱氨酶（adenosine deaminases acting on RNA,ADAR）参与RNA编辑,将双链RNA中腺苷残基（A）转化为肌苷（I）,接着被转录和拼接成鸟苷（G）。由ADAR催化,作用于RNA的A-I型RNA编辑是人类最常见的转录后修饰。近年来,这种修饰不仅存在于编码RNA中,在非编码RNA（noncoding RNA,ncRNA）中也逐渐被发现,如microRNA（miRNA）、小分子干扰RNA（siRNA）、转运RNA（tRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）。这种修饰可能通过对microRNA和mRNA之间结合位点创造或破坏,进而影响ncRNA的生物起源、稳定性和靶向识别功能。目前,对这种生物现象的机制及ADAR底物,尤其是在ncRNA中的特性仍然没有得到充分的认识。主要对哺乳动物中ncRNA上的RNA编辑进行总结,并列举一些阐明其生物学功能的计算方法。

英文摘要：

RNA editing is a dynamic mechanism for gene regulation caused by the alteration of the primary RNA transcripts sequence. Adenosine deaminase（ adenosine deaminases acting on RNA,ADAR） involved in RNA editing,binded double-stranded regions and deaminated adenosine（ A） into inosine（ I）,which in turn is interpreted by the translation and splicing as guanosine（ G）. A-to-I（ adenosine-to-inosine） RNA editing,which is catalyzed by members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA（ ADARs） family of enzymes,is the most common post-transcriptional modification in humans. In recent years,this modification has been discovered not only in coding RNA but also in noncoding RNA（ ncRNA）,such as microRNA,small interfering RNA,transfer RNA,and long non-coding RNA. This may have several consequences,such as creation or disruption of microRNA / mRNA binding sites,and thus affect the biogenesis,stability,and target recognition properties of ncRNA. Despite the enormous efforts made so far,the real biological function of this phenomenon,as well as the features of the ADAR substrate,in particular in non-coding RNAs,has still not been fully understood. The current knowledge of RNA editing on ncRNA molecules and provide a few examples of computational approaches to elucidate its biological function were focused orl.