中文摘要：

目的对目前应用超临界流体制备纳米药物的方法进行综述。方法参考近年来国内外文献共25篇,以药物在超临界流体中的溶解度为依据,对其制备方法进行分类并评论。结果超临界流体具有溶解性好、传质能力高及渗透性强等优点,且在临界点附近,温度和压力的微小改变就会引发药物溶解度的巨大变化;CO2是最为常用的超临界流体。根据药物在超临界流体中的溶解性,纳米药物制备方法可以分为溶剂法和反溶剂法,其经典技术分别为超临界流体快速膨胀技术的和超临界流体反溶剂技术,这两种经典技术均存在粒子聚集的缺点,但固体潜溶剂超临界流体快速膨胀技术、超临界流体膨胀至水溶液技术和提高传质超临界流体反溶剂技术三种新技术均可克服这一缺点,且所制备的纳米药物粒径更小、更为均匀。结论作为一种新兴的纳米药物制备技术,超临界流体技术具有高效节能、绿色环保等优点,极具发展前景和实际应用价值。

英文摘要：

Objective To review the studies on methods of preparing nanomedicine using supercritical fluid.Methods According to the solubility of drugs in supercritical fluid,the preparation methods were classified and reviewed on the basis of published literatures.Results Supercritical fluid possessed the advantages of both the gas and the liquid,such as great solubility,favorable mass transfer capacity,and satisfactory permeability.Subtle changes in temperature or pressure could cause marked variation of solubility nearby the critical point.Carbon dioxide was the most frequently used supercritical fluid.According to the solubility of the drug in supercritical fluid,the preparation techniques could be classified into two categorizations：the solvent process and the antisolvent process,with rapid expansion of supercritical solution（RESS）and supercritical antisolvent process（SAS）as the typical methods,respectively.Aggregation of the nanoparticles was the shortage for the two methods in common.But the recently developed RESS with solid cosolvent（RESS-SC）,RESS into aqueous solution（RESS-AS）and SAS with enhanced mass transfer（SAS-EM）could overcome this problem.Compared with the classic methods,the advanced technique could produce nanoparticles distributed smaller and better.Conclusions As a novel method of preparing nanomedicine,supercritical fluid is highly efficient,energy saving and environmentally acceptable,and it is promising for the further application.