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中文摘要：
植物胚胎发育过程中茎端分生组织的正常形成与发育是产生叶片、侧芽和茎的重要前提。水稻突变体4001的籽粒萌发时产生多个芽,为重要的茎端分生组织分化异常突变体。利用整体染色透明激光扫描共聚焦显微术（WE-CLSM）、塑料半薄切片术和扫描电子显微镜观察表明,突变体4001的胚囊结构和双受精过程正常,但胚胎发育和分化迟于野生型水稻,胚胎分化产生多个茎端分生组织,且位置异常。多个茎端分生组织的分化是4001多芽的胚胎学基础,与其相关的基因在调控水稻茎端分生组织分化的时间、未分化细胞数目以及背腹轴性建立等方面起着重要的作用。
英文摘要：
The proper formation and development of shoot apical meristem during plant embryonic development is prerequisite to generate leaves,buds and stems.Rice（Oryza sativa L.） mutant line 4001 produces multiple plumules in one seed and is consi dered as an important mutant with abnormal differentiation of shoot apical meristem.While the embryonic basis of the mutant with multiple plumules is yet unknown.To elucidate the cytological basis,mature embryo sac structure and process of double fertilization were observed with whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy（WE-CLSM）,semi-thin plastic sections and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.The observation by WE-CLSM showed that both embryo sac structure and double fertilization process were normal in the mutant line,suggesting that the abnormal traits were related to the later embryonic development.By semi-thin plastic sections and SEM,the retardation of embryonic development and the formation of multiple shoot apical meristems（SAM） under abnormal orientation were observed in one embryo of the mutant line,compared with those of wild-type rice.At three days after pollination,the process of embryonic development was slower in the mutant line than in the wild type rice.The abnormality included the diverse number of SAMs under irregular orientation and the changes of dorsal-ventral axis.Two separate plumules,two plumules in one coleoptile and two connected plumules with one separate plumule were also observed in the mutant line 4001.It was concluded that differentiation of multiple SAMs and the changes of dorsal-ventral axis in one embryo contribute to the multiple plumuples in the mutant line.It was inferred that mutant trait-related genes might play important roles in the regulations of the timing of shoot apical meristem differentiation,the number of undifferentiated cells and the establishment of dorsal-ventral axis.
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