本文以实际汇率、实际国际利差和实际对外投资等变量为主要考量因素,通过理论推导构建了包含我国实体经济基本面的宏观因素以及具有汇率传导机制的平滑转换自回归广义条件异方差(STARX—GARCH)模型,考察了外汇储备对诸因素的直接反馈强度和方向,以及各因素通过汇率渠道对外汇储备的间接影响,得出以下结论:影响外汇储备增速的诸宏观变量中,实际有效汇率对外汇储备增速的影响体现出显著的非对称与非线性特征,其它宏观经济变量除了具有影响外汇储备的直接渠道外,还经由实际有效汇率对外汇储备产生间接传递作用;预期的实际汇率升高会强化国外投资动机,吸引资金流人,提高我困外汇储备增速;我国利率同时作为货币政策工具和资本流入“闸门”起到双重作用,因此国际利差较高使外汇储备增速倾向于提升,反之则使之下降。
Considering major variables such as real effective exchange rate (REER), real international interest rate spread and outward FDI, we build a theoretical model, employing smooth - transition GARCH model to study the direct and indirect REER - channel influence on forex. As we conclude, among these factors, REER is obviously non - linear and asymmetric; forex may be affected directly by explanatory variables, or be influenced by them through indirect channel. In addition, high REER expectation can reinforce speculating motivation, which attracts FDI and raises rate of forex increase; while an ineffective international interest rate spread - as tool for monetary policy and "floodgate" for speculative capital increases forex, and vice versa.