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中文摘要：
根据交通流动力学、交通心理学和心理物理学理论,通过引入最小可觉差,深入剖析了驾驶员通过觉察车间距离变化程度来感知前车行驶状态的过程.在此基础上,讨论了跟车行为的两种极端情况,分别得出了跟驰距离的变化范围以及跟驰距离与路面粗糙度、车速和驾驶员反应时间的定量关系.把跟驰距离变化范围的下限视作安全车距控制方程,进一步得到了铺设防滑材料、沥青、雨天、雪天和结冰等不同路面条件下安全车距设计的理论值,并和安全法规定的安全车距进行比较,验证了本文安全间距设计理论的合理性.该方法可为交通安全设计和管理提供一定的理论依据.
英文摘要：
According to the theories of traffic dynamics,traffic psychology and psychophysics,the process that drivers perceive leading car＇s movement through the distance changes between vehicles is explored,where just noticeable difference is introduced.The extreme cases for car-following behaviors are discussed and the range of the car-following distance and the relationship between the car-following distance and three factors,including the roughness of road surface,the velocity of vehicles and the reaction time of drivers are derived,respectively.Finally,regarding the lower limit of the range of the car-following distance as governing equation for safety distance,we have obtained the optimal values of safety distance under different road conditions,such as roads with anti-skid surface,asphalts pavement,rain,snow and ice.Compared with the safety distance in ＂the Road Traffic Safe Law＂,the rationality of this safety distance design is validated.These conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for the design of traffic safety and management.
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