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不同谷子品种黑穗病抗性及土壤酶活性分析

ISSN号：0253-2395
期刊名称：《山西大学学报：自然科学版》
时间：0
分类：S515[农业科学—作物学] S158[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]山西大学生命科学学院,山西太原030006, [2]山西省农业科学院谷子研究所,山西长治046000
相关基金：国家自然科学基金（30870454;30470318;31371868）;国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-07-12.5-A10）

作者：刘丽青[1], 仪慧兰[1], 郭二虎[2], 张艾英[2], 王丽霞[2]

关键词：谷子, 黑穗病, 土壤酶活性, 抗病性, millet , Ustilago crameri , soil enzyme activity , disease resistance

中文摘要：

选黑穗病抗性不同的3个谷子品种,研究致病菌黑粉菌对谷田土壤酶活性的影响,分析土壤酶活与植株抗病性的关系。研究发现,谷种拌病菌孢子播种后,3个谷子品种表现不同,冀谷20发病率0.3%,晋谷21发病率10.2%,长农35病穗发生率65.0%;在植株发育的拔节期和抽穗期检测根周土壤酶活性,拌菌组土样中过氧化氢酶（CAT）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性增高,纤维素酶活性降低,说明病菌能诱导谷田CAT、PPO、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性增高,且CAT、PPO、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性水平在不同品种间存在差异,但脲酶活性差异出现在不同发育期之间,并无品种间差异。结果表明,黑粉菌进入土壤中可影响谷田酶活性,改变土壤微生态,土壤酶参与谷子植株对黑穗病的抗病防御生理过程,不同品种对土壤酶活性有较大影响。

英文摘要：

A field experiment was carried out with three different varieties of millet to study the changes of rhizosphere soil enzyme activities when millet seeds contaminated with pathogenic fungi （Ustilago crarneri） were sowed, and its effects on plant disease resistance. The results showed that when the seeds were sowed mixed with U. crameri spores, the pathogenicity was significant different among different millet varieties. The incidence of U. crarneri in millet variety Jigu 20 was 0. 3%, meanwhile the incidence of U. crameri in another two varieties Jingu 21 and Changnong 35 were 10. 2% and 65.0% respectively. The enzymes activities were detected in soil around the roots of millet plants at jointing and heading stages. The activities of catalase （CAT）, polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, invertase, alkaline phosphatase and urease were increased markedly after the pathogenic fungi of U. crameri entered into soils,however the cellulose activities were decreased. The activities of CAT, PPO, invertase and alkaline phosphatase changed differ- ently among three millet varieties, but the urease activities were changed significantly from jointing stage to heading stage, and no significant difference was found among three different millet varieties. The results demonstrated that Ustilago crameri evoked soil enzymes activities and affected soil ecosystem, which suggest that soil enzymes may play some important roles during plant response to pathogen. Moreover, differ-ent millet variety caused various increments in enzyme activities in soil, which may contribute to the differ ence in disease resistance among millet varieties.

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