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干旱胁迫对谷子抽穗期生理生化和产量的影响

ISSN号：0253-2395
期刊名称：《山西大学学报：自然科学版》
时间：0
分类：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]
作者机构：[1]山西大学生命科学学院,太原030006, [2]山西药科职业学院,太原030031, [3]山西省农业科学院谷子研究所,山西长治046011
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目(30870454;30470318;31371868);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20070108007;20121401110007);国家现代农业产业体系建设专项(CARS-07-12.5-A10)

关键词：谷子, 抽穗期, 干旱胁迫, 生理特性, 农艺性状, Setaria italica L., heading stage, drought stress , physiological characteristics , agronomic traits

中文摘要：

采用旱棚试验,对3个品种谷子进行抽穗期干旱胁迫,分析谷子生理生化及产量指标的变化,筛选影响谷子抗旱的关键因素。研究发现：干旱可引起谷子旗叶相对含水量（RWC）降低、气孔导度减小、蒸腾速率和光合效率（Pn）显著下降,使株高和穗长降低,长农35和晋谷20产量下降,但晋谷34产量与非干旱对照组无显著差异;干旱组旗叶组织中过氧化氢（H2O2）含量升高,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性和脯氨酸（Pro）含量增高,丙二醛（MDA）含量和相对电导率在长农35和晋谷20中显著升高,晋谷34中与对照组相当。相关分析表明,产量与APX活性、Pn、叶绿素相对含量及Pro和可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著正相关,与MDA含量呈极显著负相关。主成分分析表明,第一主成分的各指标（H2O2、超氧化物歧化酶、APX、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、细胞间隙CO2浓度、光合速率、水分利用率、RWC、束缚水/自由水、Pro、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白）的变化与谷子的抗旱性密切相关,可作为谷子抽穗期抗旱性品种选育和抗旱性研究的主要指标。第二主成分各指标MDA、相对电导率、株高、茎粗、穗长、蒸腾速率和气孔导度则是次要参考指标。

英文摘要：

The drought-induced changes of physiological indicators and agronomic traits of millet were stud- ied to explore the mechanism of drought resistance by carrying out drought stress experiment on three dif- ferent millet cultivars at heading stage （Changnong 35, Jingu 34 and Jingu 20） in the same environmental conditions. The results showed that in the millet flag leaf tissues the relative water content and stomatal conductance were reduced, with a significant decline in transpiration rate （Tr） and photosynthetic efficien- cy （Pn）, and a decrease in plant height and ear length. The yield of Changnong 35 and Jingu 20 lessened. H202 content, aseorbate peroxidase （APX） activity and proline （Pro） content were increased in all three different cultivars. The malondialdehyde （MDA） content and relative conductivity were significantly in- creased in Changnong 35 and Jingu 20, while in Jingu34 MDA content remained nearly unchanged with thecontrol group. The correlation analysis showed that the yield had significant positive correlation with APX activity, Pn, Chlorophyll relative content, Pro and soluble protein content, had significant negative corre- lation with MDA content. The results from Principal component analysis showed that the variation of each indicator in the first principal component （H202, SOD, APX, catalase, peroxidase, intercellular CO2concentration, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, RWC, bound water/free water, Pro, soluble sugar and soluble protein） was closely related to millet drought resistance. The these indicators can be used as the main indicators and the second main component （MDA, relative conductivity, plant height, stem di- ameter, ear length, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate） as secondary indicator to identify the drought resistance of millet at heading stage.

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