中文摘要：

利用ESDA技术,基于GIS平台对2005年中国人口空间格局进行研究,发现2005年全国县域人口密度不仅数值差距较大,基尼系数达0.55,而且空间自相关性较强,Moran＇s I指数为0.42。京津冀、长三角、珠三角、四川盆地、东北经济带仍是全国人口最密集地区。局部空间自相关结果显示,京津冀、长三角、珠三角和四川盆地是高高型人口集聚区。哈尔滨、长春、银川、昆明等城市地区是高低集聚区。低高型区域集中在高高型区域四周。西北干旱区、内蒙古北部、东北北部山区属于低低集聚区。将人口密度分为五级,通过人口重心观察,以及将人口密度与自然和经济因素叠加,发现气候和海拔高度仍是影响人口分布的主要因素。产业结构和交通对全国人口格局影响显著。自然因素不同的组合形式将对人口格局产生不同的影响,其中气候和地形因素长期稳定地影响人口空间格局,但其对人口空间分布的约束力将随着技术进步而降低。经济因素是人口空间格局短期变动的主要原因。

英文摘要：

Based on the ESDA technique and GIS platform,with statistic data of counties in 2005,this paper confirms that there is a large population density gap between counties in 2005 because the Gini coefficient is 0.55.And the global spatial autocorrelation of population distribution is significant because Moran＇s I scores 0.42.Populations are mostly concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,Yangtze River delta area,Pearl River delta area,Sichuan basin regions and the northeast economic zone.According to the result of local spatial autocorrelation analysis,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,Yangtze River delta area,Pearl River delta area and Sichuan basin area are the high-high regions.The low-high regions are lying around the high-high regions.Some cities such as Harbin,Changchun,Yinchuan and Kunming are the high-low concentration areas.The arid region of northwest China,majority of semi-arid area,northern area of Mongolia plateau,and the northern mountainous area of the northeast China are low-low regions.Location of population gravity center and results of calculating population density with natural influencing factors prove that climate and elevation are still the main natural influencing factors.Meanwhile industrial structure and transportation significantly influence population distribution.Different combinations of natural factors have different effect on population distribution.For a long term,climate and terrain factors stability affect population distribution.But its influence will be weakened by progress of technology.Economic development is the main factors that change population distribution for a short term.