中文摘要：

依据有限元建模理论，建立整车车身骨架有限元模型，介绍并分析了在真实试验中和在仿真试验中对生存空间现有的评价方法，针对在仿真试验中现有生存空间评价方法的不足，提出了一种新的评价方法——穿透式生存空间评价方法。运用新的评价方法对有限元模型进行仿真试验，仿真试验结果表明：客车上部结构侵入到生存空间，该客车不满足法规要求。之后，针对该车上部结构强度的不足之处。对车体结构提出合理的改进方法，即将车体结构改成封闭环结构和在腰梁与地板横梁连接部位加入脚板，进一步的仿真试验验证了结构改进后的模型满足法规要求。从而验证了新的评价方法是一种简单实用、准确可靠的方法，也为国内客车生产厂家侧翻试验有限元分析提供借鉴和参考。

英文摘要：

A Finite Element （FE） model of the coach framework is established. Based on an analysis of the existing evaluation methods for residual space in real tests and simulations, especially their shortcomings, a new evaluation method of transmission-type residual space is proposed. Then the finite element model of the coach framework is used to simulate this new evaluation method. It is shown that the coach superstructure would be plunged into the residual space, as against the regulatory requirements. The strength of the coach superstructure is less than desirable, so a method is proposed to improve the coach body framework-a ring type structure and added foot beams to connect waist rails and floor beams. The simulation results show that the improved coach body framework is satisfactory and the new evaluation method is simple, practical, accurate and reliable.