中文摘要：

对西方主要的死亡心理研究进行了回顾和比较分析，不同的死亡心理研究在研究传统、研究对象和研究方法方面存在差异。但是根据研究的侧重点，可以总结出死亡心理的核心内涵：外部防御和内在成长。对死亡的抽象认知产生死亡焦虑，死亡焦虑产生死亡恐惧、自我保护、外在价值导向等外部防御反应；对死亡的具体认知产生死亡反省，死亡反省产生死亡接受、亲社会动机和行为、内在价值导向等内在成长反应。作者以死亡心理的两类反应为框架，综述了近5年来新的研究证据，并对该领域当前研究的局限和未来研究方向进行了分析。

英文摘要：

The psychology of death discussed by Western psychologist is reviewed. There are several kinds of psychological researches about death, which drive from different research traditions, focus on different subjects and use different methods. The authors attempt to reconcile diverging paths in the study of death and disclose that the core of the psychology of death involve both external defense and internal growth. The abstract death cognition tends to cause death anxiety, which creates the external defensive psychological responses including fear of death, self-protection, and external value orientation. The concrete death cognition tends to cause death reflection, which creates the internal growth psychological responses including death acceptance, prosocial motivation （or behavior）, and internal value orientation. Based on the core of the psychology of death, the authors review the related research evidences published in recent 5 years. Finally, the limitations and future directions in death research are analyzed.