中文摘要：

个体对负性事件的反省会产生积极或消极的结果，而自我反省的视角能够解释不同结果的原因。以旁观者的视角审视自己过去的经历，即从自我抽离的视角进行反省是一种适应性的反省。自我抽离视角的作用机制和适用性可以从建构水平理论来解释，自我抽离视角的实验室控制方法，主要通过指导语引导和操纵被试回忆过去事件的人称来控制。在研究方法的基础上，讨论了自我抽离视角对身心健康、缓解负性情绪、减少基本归因错误和促进合理推理决策等的积极作用。最后，分析了自我抽离视角的适用边界和文化差异，并提出未来可以研究自我抽离视角与人格、动机、能力等的关系。

英文摘要：

People’s attempts to understand and make meaning out of negative feelings are helpful, but sometimes lead them feel worse. The reason why this paradoxical phenomenon happens is the perspective of self-reflection. Self-distanced perspective which means people view their own experience like an observer of the self is an adaptive way to reflect. The psychological mechanism of self-distanced perspective can be explained by construal level theory. Then, based on the method of manipulation of self-distancing, we discussed adaptive effects of self-distanced perspective on physical and mental health, buffering negative emotions, decreasing fundamental attribution error, and promoting wise reasoning. At last, we analyzed the culture differences and border of application of this perspective. Future research should consider the relationship between self-distanced perspective and personality, motivation and capability.