中文摘要：

国家荣誉是国家治理的重要工具。从结构的角度分析，国家荣誉实践主要包括颁授主体、表彰对象、分配客体、评选标准等基本要素。从过程上说，国家荣誉实践依次包括宣传启动、推荐申报、评议审核、表彰授勋和宣传学习等主要环节。目前国家荣誉实践的结构性要素存在诸多缺陷与不足，运作过程面临着多元的内在限制，评选结果具有动态性和不确定性等特征。深入理解国家荣誉的结构和过程及其问题，对于改革和完善国家荣誉制度具有重要启示。

英文摘要：

National honor is the important tool of national governance. From the perspective of structure, the practice of the national honors mainly includes the basic elements such as the award subject, the commendation object, the allocation object and the selection criteria. From the perspective of process,the main links of the practice of the national honors are propaganda starting, recommending reporting, auditing, commendation and promote learning. At present, there are a number of problems with structural elements of the practice of the national honor, such as operation faces diverse inherent limitations,the results are dynamic and uncertain. Further analysis of these issues is meaningful for reform and improvement of the national honor system.