中文摘要：

为了明确水杨酸（SA）对葡萄霜霉病的诱导抗性作用,检测了不同浓度的SA对葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊萌发的抑制效果,选用较为抗病的巨峰葡萄和感病的美人指葡萄,采用离体叶片法,应用不同浓度的SA（0.1mmol/L、0.5mmol/L、1.0mmol/L、3.0mmol/L、5.0mmol/L和7.0mmol/L）开展了诱导葡萄抗霜霉病的研究,并进行了葡萄霜霉病的田间防治试验。结果表明,浓度在5.0mmol/L以下的SA对孢子囊的萌发没有抑制作用,当SA浓度达到7.0mmol/L时,对孢子囊萌发的抑制率达43.3%,孢子囊的萌发率与对照相比显著降低,说明较高浓度的SA对孢子囊具有一定的毒性;在巨峰葡萄离体叶片上,浓度为1.0mmol/L的SA诱导效果达100%,其他浓度的SA诱导效果均达95.7%以上,与对照有显著性差异,但7.0mmol/L的SA处理后,叶柄变黑腐烂,说明高浓度SA对葡萄叶片有毒性;在美人指葡萄离体叶片上,浓度为0.1 mmol/L、0.5mmol/L的SA诱导效果分别达82.1%和97.9%,与对照有显著性差异,浓度为1.0mmol/L及以上时,会使葡萄叶的叶柄变黑;室外喷施0.5mmol/L的SA,对抗病品种巨峰葡萄嫩叶前7d的诱导效果均在85.7%以上,对老叶诱导抗病效果在第7天时显著降低,表明SA对嫩叶的诱导效果更好;在感病品种美人指葡萄的嫩叶和老叶上,SA的诱导抗病能力以间隔3~5d的最好,达63.6%以上,间隔7d后的诱导能力明显减弱。研究结果表明,葡萄对霜霉病增强的抗性是由SA诱导产生的,而非SA对孢子囊的直接毒性,适当浓度的SA对葡萄具有较好的诱导抗病作用。

英文摘要：

In order to investigate the role of salicylic acid（SA）in systemic acquired resistance against GDM（Plasmopara viticola）,the inhibitory effect of SA at 0.1mmol/L,0.5mmol/L,1.0mmol/L,3.0mmol/L,5.0 mmol/L and 7.0 mmol/L on sporangia germination of P.viticola was determined.Using two varieties,Kyoho grape（resistant）and Manicure finger grape（susceptible）,bioassays were performed in detached leaves with different SA concentrations described above for induction of systemic acquired resistance against GDM,and the control effects of SA on GDM were further tested by spraying 0.5mmol/L SA on the leaves in the field.The results showed that SA from 0.1mmol/L to 5.0mmol/L was not inhibitive to sporangia germination of P.viticola,while when the concentration of SA reached 7.0mmol/L,it could significantly inhibit the germination of sporangia,with an inhibition rate of43.3%,indicating higher concentrations of SA were toxic to sporangia of P.viticola.The inductive effect of 1.0mmol/L SA in detached leaves of Kyoho grapes was 100%,and those of other SA concentrations were all above 95.7%,with significant differences compared with the control.However,the petioles of leaves treated with 7.0mmol/L SA turned black,indicating that higher concentration of SA was toxic to grape leaves.In the induction experiment of disease resistance on the detached leaves of Manicure finger grape,both concentrations of0.1mmol/L and 0.5mmol/L SA were capable of inducing resistance against GDM,with induction effects of 82.1% and 97.9%,respectively,which showed significant differences compared with the control.The higher concentrations from 1.0mmol/L to 7.0mmol/L SA were also toxic to leaves of Manicure finger grape and the petioles readily turned black.With application of 0.5mmol/L SA by leaf spraying in the field for 1~7days before the inoculation of P.viticola,the inductive effects on the younger leaves of the resistant variety of Kyoho grape were all above 85.7%,and on the older leaves of Kyoho grape the induction effects decreased sharpl