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公路路域动物生态学研究方法综述

ISSN号：1000-7083
期刊名称：《四川动物》
时间：0
分类：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]
作者机构：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029, [2]长白山科学研究院,吉林二道白河133613
相关基金：交通运输部西部交通建设科技项目（2011-318-670-1290,2010-318-221-009,2013-318490-010）;国家科技支撑计划课题（2014BAG05806）致谢：感谢长白山管委会交通运输局刘涛工程师在研究过程中给予的大力协助.

关键词：道路野生动物死亡, 动物穿越公路, 道路影响域, 野生动物通道, 路域, 道路生态学, road mortality, wildlife crossing highway, road effect zone, wildlife crossings, roadside, road ecology

中文摘要：

从公路死亡效应、公路阻隔效应、公路回避效应和公路动物通道四个方面总结了国内外公路路域动物生态学研究的6种方法：样线法/样方法、痕迹法（主要是沙床/雪踪）、红外相机监控法、GPS项圈法、标记重捕法和遗传多样性分析法。通过比较分析各种方法优缺点并结合我国应用情况及国内外研究的发展趋势,提出了6种方法在四大研究领域应用对策：1）选择生态敏感区域的典型路段作为长期监测样线,采用样线法系统调查公路动物死亡效应,在部分路段试点与公路养护部门联合开展公路野生动物死亡的统计工作;2）选择生态敏感区域的典型路段作为长期监测样线,采用痕迹法进行公路阻隔与回避效应的监测,与野生动物保护部门合作,引入GPS项圈法提高监测精度;3）以痕迹法和红外相机监控法为主进行公路回避效应的监测研究,还可引入GPS项圈法从景观层面分析路网的道路影响域;4）以痕迹法和红外相机监控法为主进行野生动物通道的监测,逐步引入GPS项圈、遗传多样性分析法进行景观层面的种群稳定性分析,科学评价动物通道效率。

英文摘要：

This paper summarized the basic methods of road wildlife ecology with four aspects （ road-kill animals, road barrier effect, road-effect zone, wildlife crossing structures）, which are composed of sample line/site method, track method （sand bed, snow track transects etc. ）, infrared camera/video, GPS collaring, trap, tag, and mark-recapture and DNA methods. By analyzing the advantage and disadvantage of each method and comparing the research status in China with other countries, we provided four developmental directions on road wildlife ecology research： 1 ） selecting typical road section of the ecological sensitive area as a long-time sample line to record the road mortality, and attempting to carry out collaborative investigation with highway maintenance department; 2 ） selecting typical road section of the ecological sensitive area as a long-time sample line, using track methods to study barrier and avoidance effect of the road on wildlife, and attempting to use GPS collaring method with the help of wildlife protective agency to improve the accuracy; 3 ） using track method and sample line/site method and infrared camera/video to study road-effect zone of wildlife, and further using GPS collaring to analyze road network effect zone for wildlife from the view of landscape; 4） using track method and infrared camera/video to monitor the efficiency of wildlife crossing structures, and in the future, using GPS collaring and DNA methods to carry out molecular road ecology research to preserve the population stability.

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