二战以来,国际经济分工越来越深化与细化,跨国公司成为国际贸易与国际投资等经济活动的主体,垂直专业化的国际生产分工替代了传统的产品垂直贸易,大型跨国制造业与服务业活动同时具有垂直一体化和外包化趋势。本文首先回顾了跨国公司垂直一体化生产与外包化生产的相关研究,然后对内部一体化生产与外包化生产的机理进行理论分析,之后基于跨国公司与外包企业非完全契约的视角,构建了谈判成本外生化的模型,分析了中间投入品内部垂直一体化与外包化生产相互转化的条件。研究结果显示,中间投入品生产模式的选择取决于跨国公司A对最终产品X合作生产时的利润非依存度γa,外包生产企业B对最终产品X合作生产时的利润非依存度γb以及和内部一体化生产时其内部管理成本与谈判成本对最终产品X合作生产时利润的依存度γc。
The international division has been more and more deep after world warⅡ,the MNCs has been the main bodies of international economics,the traditional vertical trade has been substituted by international vertical integration production and there is a trend of vertical integration and outsourcing.This paper reviewed the relative results about thisissue,and then analysis the production models of integration and outsourcing,formulate a model which includes the negotiation cost,these studies show that,the choose of production model of medium input was decided by γa,γb,and γc.