本文从生态系统、生态环境的概念出发,就西北地区的一个典型的流域代表玛纳斯河(以下简称玛河)流域的生态特点与问题,提出玛河流域的生态环境需水概念,并概述了国内外生态环境需水的现状。根据玛河流域生态环境需水的定义,本文从降水——径流的发生与演变出发,按山区和平原生态圈层结构分层次计算玛河流域生态需水,并区分生态需水的水源组成(降水、径流)。分析计算结果,对玛河流域生态需水计算结果进行供需平衡分析。
Manasi river valley is the typical model of drainage basin in the northwest ern china. According to its characters and problems, this research brings forward the conception of eco - water demand of Manasi river valley, and calculates the eco - water demand of ecosystem circle in mountainous area and plain separately, and differentiates the wellspring composing of eco - water demand ( precipitation or water - path flow). According to the results of the calculation of Manasi river valley, the balance between the supply and demanal were analyzed in the paper.