中文摘要：

目的预防肿瘤患者的PICC护理过程中导管材质过敏和透明膜过敏临床办法的研究。方法针对置管后过敏的预防方法：选取该科进行PICC护理出现过敏反应的患者24例（置管材质过敏组）,随机分为A组和B组。A组分别用庆大霉素和地塞米松注射液浸润的无菌纱布湿敷后,再用康特森粘贴创口敷料固定PICC管;B组采用糠酸莫米松乳膏涂抹,用无菌纱布遮盖涂抹处,使用医用胶布固定PICC管;记录皮肤过敏反应。针对透明膜过敏的预防办法：选取置管后且未发现导管材质过敏反应的患者24例（透明膜过敏组）,以透明膜粘贴后出现过敏反应的患者随机分为C组和D组,C组用乙醇消毒换药护理后,待干,用透明敷料粘贴。D组采取苯扎氯铵溶液涂抹,最后用透明敷料粘贴。结果预防置管过敏组B组出现新过敏率18.76%,经7d预防治疗后平均过敏程度50.7±1.2;A组出现新过敏率4.76%,平均过敏程度10.8±0.3。预防透明敷料过敏组C组出现新过敏率19.05%,平均过敏程度39.1±0.8;D组出现新过敏率9.52%,平均过敏程度8.2±0.6。结论导管材质过敏预防方面：庆大霉素和地塞米松注射液混合纱布湿敷再联合康特森粘贴伤口敷料治疗PICC导管处周围皮肤皮疹有确切疗效,且方法简单便于操作。透明膜过敏预防方面：苯扎氯铵溶液能有效预防治疗PICC置管后的透明敷料过敏,提高PICC置管护理过程中的安全性。

英文摘要：

Objective To study preventing measures in cancer patients with PICC catheter material during the process of nursing problems cause allergies and transparent membrane irritation phenomenon.Methods In view of the allergy prevention in author＇s department after catheter,24 patients with PICC nursing care of anaphylaxis were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.Experimental group respectively with Gentamycin and Dexamethasone injection infiltration of sterile gauze wet compress,then reoccupy Kang Peterson paste wound dressing was used to fixe PICC tube;Control group used furoic acid mo Betamethasone cream daub,covered with a sterile gauze daub,medical tape was used to fixe PICC tube.The skin allergic reaction was recorded.The preventive methods of transparent film allergy：24 cases of patients after selection,allergic reactions,and found no catheter material with transparent film paste of anaphylaxis after patients were randomly divided into normal group and observation group,each group of12 patients.Normal group with routine disinfection treatment after care,wait for dry,with transparent dressings paste,while the observation group adopt routine nursing,using Benzalkonium Chloride solution,finally with transparent dressings paste.Results On prevention of catheter allergy,control group appeared new allergies rate was 18.76%,the average degree of allergy was 50.7±1.2 after the prevention and treatment of 7 days;Experimental group appeared new allergies rate was 4.76%,the average degree of allergy was 10.8±0.3.On prevention of transparent dressings allergy,new allergies rate in routine group was19.05%,the average degree of allergy was 39.1±0.8 after treatment for allergy free 7 days;while observedgroup new allergic rate of 9.52%,after treatment for 7 days allergy allergy degree was 8.2±0.6 on average.Conclusions On catheter allergy prevention,Gentamycin and Dexamethasone injection mixed gauze wet applyed with Kang Peterson paste wound dressings in the treatment of PICC catheter in the surrou