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中文摘要：
现实的生产活动往往同时具有期望和非期望（主要是环境污染物）两种产出。将环境因素纳入到具体的投入产出分析框架，利用环境生产技术建立一组效率评价模型和成本测算模型，并依据不同的效率导向从环境效率、经济效率、综合效率和两阶段效率等多个角度实证研究2001年-2005年中国28个省、自治区、直辖市的投入产出水平和不同环境规制下的成本问题。研究结果表明，中国各地区总体的环境效率和经济效率普遍偏低，差异也较大，经济效率与环境效率的变动并不具有完全的一致性，反映环境污染和经济发展水平的综合效率与环境效率变化趋势基本一致，部分省、自治区、直辖市在期望产出最优后仍有进一步削减非期望产出的可能，严格环境规制下的成本明显高于一般环境规制下的成本，且两者都具有明显的上升趋势。
英文摘要：
Desirable outputs and undesirable outputs are both produced in production activities. In order to integrate environmental factors into the input-output analysis framework, several models for estimating input-output efficiency and environmental regulation costs are established based on environmental production function in this paper. With the measures proposed, environmental efficiency, economical efficiency, comprehensive efficiency and two-stage efficiency of China are calculated during 2001 to 2005 and some results are obtained. Firstly, the overall environmental efficiency and economic efficiency are generally low in China, and large in difference, moreover, the changes between economic efficiency and environmental are not complete in consistency. Secondly, comprehensive efficiency, reflecting the level of environmental pollution and economic development, is consistant with environmental efficiency in trend of the changes basically, and some provinces still have the possibility to reduce undesirable outputs when desirable outputs are optimal. Finally, the cost of stringent environmental regulation is much higher than the cost of general regulation, and both of them have a very clear upward trend.
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