中文摘要：

工业化驱动的农业资源结构转变、农业组织制度变迁、农业技术类型升级以及农业人均收入与非农部门的趋同，构成农业发展的基本含义。以工业化兴起和完成分别为界，存在传统农业、工业化农业和现代农业三种渐进演化的农业成长形态。由于增长动力的差异，传统农业人均收入陷入一种难以脱离生存陷阱的马尔萨斯稳态；工业化农业的人均收入不但逃离了马尔萨斯陷阱，而且实现了快速增长；与工业化农业不同，因人力资本及内生技术变量的引入，现代农业人均收入增长呈现为一条持续的、平稳上升的路径。工业化的农业物质资本深化效应，引发了传统农业向工业化农业的过渡；工业化的农业人力资本深化效应，则是促成工业化农业向现代农业转型的关键因素。

英文摘要：

The basic meaning of the agricultural development comprises the transformation of agricul- tural resources structure driven by industrialization, the change of agricultural organization system, the upgrade of agricultural technology type as well as the convergence of per capita income both in agri- culture and non-agricultural sectors. Bounded by the rise and realization of industrialization, the three gradual evolution patterns of agricultural growth are traditional agriculture, industrialized agriculture and modern agriculture. Due to the differences in growth momentum, per capita income in traditional agriculture falls into a kind of Malthus steady state, which is difficult to make a breakthrough in sur- vival trap; per capita income in industrialized agriculture not merely escapes from the Malthusian trap but also achieves rapid growth. Owing to the introduction of human capital and endogenous technology variables, different from industrialized agriculture, the increase of per capita income in modern agri- culture presents a path which is continuously and steadily on the rise. The agricultural physical capital deepening effects of industrialization triggered a transition from traditional agriculture to industrialized agriculture. The agricultural human capital deepening effects of industrialization is a key factor contrib- uting to the transformation from industrialized agriculture to modern agriculture.