中文摘要：

执行功能反映了个体对自身的认知过程进行调节和控制的能力，其评估在儿童认知能力发展水平和特殊人群认知功能损伤程度的评定中起着重要作用。虽然执行功能的评估自20世纪初就开始被实施和应用，但传统评估方法仍存在着生态效度不高、不易操纵实验环境的复杂性、不易操纵被试觉醒水平等缺陷。近年来，虚拟现实技术以其有限的成本和快速的发展被越来越多地应用于执行功能评估，并被证实具有生态效度高、实验条件高度可控等显著优点。

英文摘要：

Executive function reflects an individual＇s ability to regulate and introspect on his/her cogntuve processes. The assessment of executive function plays an important role in the evaluation of cognitive development in children and cognitive impairment in special groups. Although assessment of executive function has been studied and developed since the early 20th century, traditional measuring tools remain unsatisfactory in many aspects such as poor ecological validity and uncontrollable environments and participants＇ arousal levels. Virtual reality （VR） technology demonstrated remarkable advantages in generating high ecological validity testing scenario with limited cost and has been developed very fast in recent years. This paper reviews recent progress in applying VR to the assessment of executive function and discusses the future trends in improving VR-based executive function assessments.