中文摘要：

目的 研究寒冷刺激对SD大鼠结肠功能的影响。方法 按体重将SD大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,每组40只。实验组大鼠每天灌胃0~4℃冷0.9%NaCl 20 mL·kg-1,连续60 d。对照组大鼠灌胃等量饮用水。于处理后第15,30,45,60天,测定各组大鼠6 h内排便量和排便时间;按照酶联免疫分析试剂盒测定血白蛋白（Alb）、尿素氮（BUN）、钠及钾、血清肌酸酐（Cr）浓度;同时,观察结肠大体形态和结肠黏膜、胃窦黏膜组织形态,显微镜下观察组织形态学改变。结果 实验第60天,实验组与对照组的体重分别为（268.2±18.35）,（319.2±10.17）g,这2组的24 h摄食量分别为（48.0±1.7）,（85.1±2.6）mg·g-1,饮水量分别为（54.6±9.5）,（84.6±2.7）μL·g-1,6 h排便量分别为（0.65±0.43）,（3.06±0.62）g,首次排黑便时间为（615.5±56.48）,（408.2±29.7）min,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）。实验第60天,实验组大鼠的血清Alb为（38.48±2.95）g·L^-1,Cr为（36.46±2.07）mmol·L^-1,BUN为（6.38±0.46）mmol·L^-1,钠离子浓度为（142.04±4.43）mmol·L^-1,钾离子浓度为（5.98±1.03）mmol·L^-1,与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。组织形态学显示,实验第60天,实验组大鼠胃黏膜出现不同程度的萎缩;黏膜层上皮细胞和杯状细胞出现不同程度缩小,少量炎性细胞浸润;粪便多成串珠样粘附于结肠,质硬、表面无光泽。结论 寒冷刺激可导致SD大鼠结肠运动功能和分泌功能障碍,出现便秘症状。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the effects of cold on the function of co- lon in Sprague Dawley （SD） rats. Methods Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and experimental group. The rats in ex- perimental group were orally administrated 0 -4 ℃ cold saline for 60 days. The intake and drinking in 24 hours, the faeces quantity within 6 hours and the time of defecation were measured on 30 and 60 days. Blood biochemical parameters were measured with an automatic biochemical analyzer. Faeces were collected and observed by stereo rrficroscope. A part of colonand gastric was fixed with 10% for malirr Hematoxylin - eosin stained, and then observed under microscope. Results On 60 days, the weight of normal group and experimental group were （268.2 ± 18.35 ） , （319.2 ± 10. 17） g, and the intake in 24 hours were （48.0 ± 1.7）, （85.1 ± 2. 6 ） mg · g^- 1 and drinking in 24 hours were （ 54. 6 ± 9.5 ）, （84.6 ± 2.7） μL · g^-1, the faeces quantity within 6 hours were （0.65±0.43）, （3.06 ± 0.62） g, the time of defecation were （615.5 ±56.48）, （408.2 ± 29.7） min. The difference between two groups above factors had statistical significance （ all P 〈 0. 01 ） . On 60 days, the serum Albumin （ Alb ） in experimental group was （38. 48 ±2. 95） g ·L-1, and the creatinine （Cr） was （36. 46 ±2. 07） mmol· L-1 ,and the blood urea nitrogen （BUN） was （6. 38 ± 0.46） mmol · L-1, and the concentration of sodium （ Na± ） was （ 142.04 ± 4. 43 ） mmol · L- 1, and the concentration of potassium （ K ± ） was （ 5.98 ± 1.03 ） mmol · L- 1. There was no significant difference between two groups （ all P 〉 0. 05 ）. Observation of the morphology of colon that the mucosa epithelial ceils and goblet cells in experimental group were increased, and the neutrophil were reduced and a small amount of inflammatory cell are infiltrating after 60 days. The rat feces become into beaded, hard and unpolished after 60 days. Conclusion Cold stimulation could