中文摘要：

造血干细胞（HSC）是发现最早、在临床中广泛应用并一直起着范式作用的一类重要的成体组织干细胞。HSC研究被认为是整个干细胞生物学和再生医学的主要奠基学科之一。“十二五”期间国家重大科学研究计划（973计划）在干细胞领域设立了“HSC维持、衰老与再生的调控机制”的项目。项目组在过去的5年时间里建立了小鼠及人HSC研究的重要平台．并借此开展了有效的合作研究，取得了一系列创新性成果。本文围绕项目组的主要研究内容，从领域的研究背景、重要工作进展及其研究意义等进行简要综述。希望有助于学界和公众更好地理解HSC正常生物学功能及其在疾病中的重要作用。

英文摘要：

As a classical type of tissue stem cells, hematopoietic stem cell （HSC） was earliest discovered and has been widely applied in clinic as a great successful example for stem cell therapy. Thus, HSC research represents a leading field in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The project named ＂regulatory mechanisms for HSC maintenance, senescence and regeneration＂ has been supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） during the 12th five-year plan period. In the past five years, the interactive groups of research project jointly established several essential technical platforms for rnurine or human HSC research and effectively collaborated with each other on a number of important scientific questions in the field. This paper will give highlight the research rationales, major accomplishments and clinical relevance or significance of this project. It is our hope that this review will help our colleagues and the general public to better understand HSC biology and its relevance to blood diseases.