中文摘要：

本研究通过测量荷斯坦牛颈部和肋部皮肤褶皱厚度,探究荷斯坦牛颈部和肋部皮肤褶皱厚度特征以及影响皮肤褶皱厚度的因素。使用电子游标卡尺测量了1 523头泌乳期荷斯坦牛颈部和肋部的皮肤褶皱厚度,并同时对奶牛进行体况评分,收集了皮肤褶皱厚度测量月份试验牛场的奶牛生产性能数据。利用固定模型分析场、胎次、泌乳阶段、测定人、体侧及BCS对皮肤褶皱厚度的影响。经测定发现,荷斯坦牛颈部皮肤褶皱厚度为（6.62±0.94）mm,肋部皮肤褶皱厚度为（11.13±1.78）mm。不同场、测定人、胎次、体况评分对颈部皮肤褶皱厚度和肋部皮肤褶皱厚度有显著影响（P〈0.05）,体侧、泌乳阶段对肋部皮肤褶皱厚度也有显著影响（P〈0.05）。颈部皮肤褶皱厚度和肋部皮肤褶皱厚度对BCS的线性回归系数估计值分别为（0.36±0.061）和（0.51±0.116）。本研究结果为荷斯坦牛皮肤褶皱厚度的深度分析,包括遗传分析建模等,奠定了基础。

英文摘要：

（Objective）This study was designed to measure the skinfold thickness on the skin over the neck and the last rib,and to explore the general characteristics of skinfold thickness and identify factors affecting skinfold thickness in Holstein.（Method） Skinfold thickness of 1 523 lactating Holstein cows were measured with a digital caliper while its body condition score（BCS） was evaluated,and DHI records of the month when skinfold thickness was measured were collected.The effects of farm,parity,milking stage,measurer,body side and BCS on skinfold thickness were analyzed using a fixed model.（Result） In Holstein,the skinfold thickness on skin over the neck was 6.62±0.94 mm,and that on skin over the last rib was 11.13±1.78 mm.Farm,measurer,parity and BCS had significant impacts on the skinfold thickness on both regions（P〈0.05）,and body side and milking stage had significant impact on skinfold thickness only on skin over the last rib（P〈0.05）.The linear regression coefficients of skinfold thickness on the skin over neck and the last rib on the BCS were 0.36±0.061 and 0.51 ±0.116,respectively.（Conclusion） The result of this study laid the foundation for further analysis of skinfold diickness in Holstein,including establishing model for its genetic analysis etc.