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中文摘要：
牛的驯服人的历史上造成了农业社会的发展。进化和牛的基因关系能被调查 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA )D 环顺序的变化阐明。在这研究，我们与 856 个单个D环序列， 264 个中国牛D环序列在这研究被获得的一个水池造了牛发展史( 141 首先被分析，并且 123 是首先提交了)并且从六个亚洲人的牛的剩余的序列国家(日本，朝鲜，蒙古，尼泊尔，印度和中国)从 GenBank 被检索。我们的结果显示来自六个亚洲国家的那头牛掉进三 clades， Bos taurus (公牛) ， Bos indicus (封牛) 和牦牛。四主要 haplogroups T1A， T2， T3 (包括的 T3A 和 T3B ) 和 T5 被发现在公牛，并且在封牛的二 haplogroups I1 和 I2。而且，我们发现 I1 和 I2 haplogroups 被 T1A， T3A， T3B 和 T5 的四个可变地点而非五和四 haplogroups 或 sub-haplogroups 分开第一次在这些亚洲牛被作出对有利的裁决。这些数据在这六个亚洲国家带给我们新卓见进牛的基因结构。haplogroups 的地理分发也被构画出在牛上提供系统的信息基因资源。
英文摘要：
The domestication of cattle fuelled the development of agricultural society in the history of human being. The evolution and genetic relationship of cattle can be elucidated by investigating the variation of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） D-loop sequence. In this study, we built a cattle phylogeny with a pool of 856 individual D-loop sequences, of which 264 Chinese cattle D-loop sequences were obtained in this study （141 ones were first analyzed, and 123 were first submitted） and the rest sequences of cattle from six Asian countries （Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, India and China） were retrieved from GenBank. Our results indicated that cattle from six Asian eounlries fell into three clades, Bos taurus （taurine）, Bos indicus （zebu） and yak. Four main haplogroups T1A, T2, T3 （including T3A and T3B） and T5 were found in taurine, and two haplogroups I1 and 12 in zebu. Furthermore, we found that I1 and 12 haplogroups were separated by four variable sites rather than five ones and four haplogroups or sub-haplogroups of T1A, T3A, T3B and T5 were found for the first time in these Asian cattle. These data brought us a new insight into cattle＇s genetic structure in these six Asian countries. The geographical distribution of haplogroups was also outlined to provide systematic information on cattle genetic resources.
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