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生物有机肥调控对盐碱胁迫下向日葵幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

ISSN号：1000-4890
期刊名称：《生态学杂志》
时间：0
分类：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室,沈阳110016, [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049, [3]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110161
相关基金：中国科学院知识创新重大项目（KZCX1-YW-06-03）中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向（KZCX2-yw-446）资助; 国家自然科学基金重点项目（40930739）

作者：王善仙[1,2], 刘宛[1], 李培军[1], 詹振楠[1,2], 李晓军[1], 贾春云[1], 宋立超[3]

关键词：盐碱胁迫, 向日葵, 生物有机肥, salt-alkali stress, sunflower, bioorganic fertilizer

中文摘要：

采用盆栽方法,以清洁土壤为对照,研究了盐碱胁迫下不同生物有机肥施用量（0%、2%、4%和8%）对向日葵种子发芽率和出苗率、幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,盐碱胁迫（T0）7～28d后,向日葵种子的发芽率及出苗率明显降低,种子出苗时间推迟了3d,幼苗株高、根长、地上部分及根系鲜重、叶片中叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量均显著降低（P〈0.05）,而且幼苗根系对盐碱胁迫的敏感性明显大于地上部;与T0处理相比,生物有机肥施用量分别为2%（T1）、4%（T2）及8%（T3）时,向日葵种子的出苗率分别提高了56.4%（P〈0.05）、64.3%（P〈0.05）及85.7%（P〈0.05）,出苗时间提早了2～3d,盐碱胁迫处理7d后,T1、T2和T3处理组幼苗的生长明显增强,叶片中叶绿素含量分别提高了24.4%（P〈0.05）、27.2%（P〈0.05）和33.2%（P〈0.05）,可溶性蛋白质含量分别增加了34.4%（P〈0.05）、43.6%（P〈0.05）和48.8%（P〈0.05）;随着处理时间的延长,T1、T2和T3处理对幼苗生长及生理指标的抑制作用均表现出不同程度的降低。综上可知,盐碱胁迫条件下,施用2%～8%的生物有机肥可以明显减轻盐碱胁迫对向日葵种子出苗、幼苗生长及生理指标的抑制作用。

英文摘要：

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dosages（0%,2%,4%,and 8%）bioorganic fertilizer on the seed germination,emergence rate,seedling growth,and leaf physiological indices of sunflower under salt-alkali stress.As compared with the control,after 7-28 days under salt-alkali stress（T0）,the seed germination rate and emergence rate decreased markedly,seed emergence delayed for 3 days,seedlings shoot-and root length,shoot-and root fresh weight,and leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein contents decreased significantly（P0.05）,and the roots were much more sensitive than the shoots.As compared with T0,after the application of 2%（T1）,4%（T2）,and 8%（T3）bioorganic fertilizer,the seed emergence rate increased by 56.4%（P0.05）,64.3%（P0.05）,and 85.7%（P0.05）,respectively,and the seed emergence advanced by 2-3 days.After 7 days under salt-alkali stress,the seedling growth in treatments T1,T2,and T3 had an obvious increase,leaf chlorophyll content increased by 24.4%（P0.05）,27.2%（P0.05）,and 33.2%（P0.05）,and leaf soluble protein content increased by 34.4%（P0.05）,43.6%（P0.05）and 48.8%（P0.05）,respectively.When the treated duration prolonged from 7 to 28 days,the inhibitory effects of salt-alkali stress on the seedling growth and the leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein contents in treatments T1,T2,and T3 decreased to some extent.These results indicated that applying 2%-8% bioorganic fertilizer could obviously alleviate the inhibitory effects of salt-alkali stress on the seed emergence,seedling growth,and leaf physiological indices of sunflower.