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我国稻田土壤镉污染现状及安全生产新措施

ISSN号：1672-2043
期刊名称：农业环境科学学报
时间：0
页码：1257-1263
分类：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室,沈阳110016, [2]辽宁职业卫生技术学院,沈阳110101, [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039
相关基金：国家科技支撑项目（2012BAC17804）;“863”计划（2012AA06A202）;国家自然科学基金项目（31070455,40971184,40930739）;中国博士后科学基金项目（20090461195,20103626）;辽宁省自然基金项目（201102224）
相关项目：东北地区镉污染农田土壤植物修复的主要根际机理研究

关键词：水稻, 重金属污染, 安全生产, rice, Cd pollution, safe production

中文摘要：

水稻是我国重要的粮食作物,由于受重金属污染威胁日益增大,其安全生产问题备受关注。通过综述我国稻田土壤及稻米镉污染现状、镉污染土壤改良剂研究进展以及稻米对镉富集的品种间差异,认为在土壤中镉的去除修复技术无法在短时间内实现的前提下,镉排异型水稻品种的筛选与利用是实现其安全生产的一个新的有效措施。在此基础上,配合一些污染土壤改良剂的使用,会进一步增强其安全生产水平。

英文摘要：

Rice is the most important food crop in China. Recently, rice safe production became the key attention point due to increasing heavy metal contamination problem. This article reviewed the status of cadmium（ Cd ） contaminated paddy soi} and rice grain in China, modi- fier research of Cd polluted paddy soil, and the differences of Cd accumulation in rice grain among of different cuhivars. In China, Cd pollu- tion investigation in whole rice production area was not conducted till now. Some literatures from different rice growth districts showed that some rice paddy soils have been contaminated by Cd. Accordingly, rice grains were polluted either. The main reasons were caused by improp- er irrigation with wastewater. In order to control and improve these contaminated paddy soils, some amendments named modifier were deter- mined to decrease Cd bio-availabilities and increase rice grain yield by using soil pot culture or field experiment. Besides of lime, sea-form and kaolin, some organic materials showed better application potential. However, the role of modifier was limited. Too many research results showed that there were significantly differences among of different rice cultivar accumulating Cd in their grains. It suggested that the identifi- cation and application of excluder rice cultivar will be a new practical method and measure for rice safe production in Cd contaminated soil. Together with some amendments, excluder rice can normal growth and produce high quality rice even in Cd contaminated soils.

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