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石油污染土壤对蚯蚓的致死效应及回避行为的影响

ISSN号：1673-5897
期刊名称：生态毒理学报
时间：2012
页码：312-316
分类：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
作者机构：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室/天津城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室,300071
相关基金：.国家自然科学基金重点项目（21037002;40930739）;国家环保公益性行业科研专项（201009032）
相关项目：土壤污染微界面过程及其分子诊断与调控原理

关键词：石油烃, 污染土壤, 蚯蚓, 致死效应, 回避行为, petroleum hydrocarbon, contaminated soil, earthworm, lethal effect, avoidance behavior

中文摘要：

土壤石油污染对生态系统和人类健康有严重影响,其毒害诊断和风险评价的研究日益受到重视。以赤子爱胜蚓（Eiseniafoetida）为受试生物,利用受石油污染的实际土壤,将高浓度污染的土壤与清洁土壤混合,配制成不同污染水平的石油污染土壤,通过直接暴露的方式,分别以蚯蚓急性毒性死亡率和回避反应作为测试终点,评价了石油污染土壤对蚯蚓的生态毒性。结果显示,石油烃污染土壤对蚯蚓的7d-LC50和14d-LC50分别为32.5和29.4g·kg-1,而土壤中石油烃的浓度为8.0g·kg-1时,蚯蚓即有明显回避反应（回避率达80%）,前两者为后者的3.7～4.1倍。可见,与急性毒性实验的测试终点LC50相比,行为测试终点对石油烃的响应更灵敏。蚯蚓的回避反应可更加及时地反映出土壤受石油污染的状况,发挥更好的指示作用。

英文摘要：

Abstract： The contamination of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil is now seriously threatening ecosystem safe- ty and human health, and therefore the diagnosis and risk assessment of petroleum-contaminated soil is be- coming one of the hot topics in the field of environmental science. In this study, the earthworm Eiseniafoetida was exposed to the soil contaminated with different concentrations of petroleum, which was obtained by mix- ing the natural contaminated soil with the clean background soil. The acute lethality and avoida.~ce response were adopted as endpoints to evaluate the toxic effects of petroleum-contaminated soil on earthworms. Re- sults showed that the values of 7d-LCs0 and 14d-LCs0 were 32.5 and 29.4 g-kg -1, respectively. However, when the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil achieved 8.0 g＇kg 1, the earthworm showed signifi- cant avoidance behavior （avoidance rate = 80%）. The former two endpoints were 3.7 to 4.1 times as much as the latter one. It was demonstrated that the avoidance endpoint was more sensitive than the mortality end- point while evaluating ecological risk of petroleum-contaminated soil. The avoidance response of Eiseniafoeti- da can serve as a sensitive indicator for assessing the petroleum pollution of soil.