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中文摘要：
当代西方科学界、哲学界在对脑科学成果进行解读、消化和利用时,形成了多样性的解读和多元化的走向。其中,较为引人注目的是唯物主义与二元论的两大走向。无疑,脑科学的发展极大地促进了唯物主义的发展,使唯物主义始终占据着主导地位。但同时,唯心主义二元论也东山再起,死灰复燃,竟在与唯物主义的论战中实现了可谓＂同步＂的发展,形成了神经科学的二元论怪胎。二元论的走向与变化对唯物主义、马克思主义形成了严重的挑战,对此,我们理应做出回答。
英文摘要：
Western contemporary science and philosophy have diverse understandings of brain science when interpreting,digesting and utilizing its achievements,the most noteworthy of which is the understandings of materialism and dualism. Undoubtedly,the development of brain science has greatly promoted the development of materialism,so it always dominates. At the same time,however,the idealist dualism has seen its comeback and revival,keeping pace with materialism in its development and forming a freak of dualism in neuroscience. The development of dualism poses a serious challenge to materialism and Marxism,to which we ought to make a response.
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