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福建松溪鱼类群落的多样性特征

ISSN号：1674-3075
期刊名称：《水生态学杂志》
时间：0
分类：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学;生物学—普通生物学]
作者机构：[1]福建省淡水水产研究所,福建福州350002
相关基金：福建省海洋与渔业厅重点项目[（2007）2-02]资助

关键词：松溪, 鱼类群落, 多样性, fish community structure, biodiversity, Songxi River

中文摘要：

根据2007-2008年松溪8个采样站位鱼类资源的调查资料,分析了松溪鱼类种类组成、优势种、常见种、生态类型以及鱼类多样性等群落结构特点。调查共采集鱼类63种,隶属5目、17科、49属;其中包括外来物种加州鲈（Micropterus salmoides）和罗非鱼（Tilapia sp.）、福建省保护动物鳗尾鱼央（Liobagrus anguillicauda）、福建省特有种纵纹缨口鳅（Crossostoma stigmata）和拟腹吸鳅（Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus）。采用Pinkas的IRI指数进行分析,松溪鱼类优势种有细鳞鲴（Plagiognathopsmicrolepis）等7种,常见种有黑脊倒刺鲃（Barbodes caldwelli）等5种。松溪鱼类区系特点按群落生态类型以杂食性、底栖和适应缓流生活的鱼类为主。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显示,S3站位最高,为2.94,S1站位指数最低,为1.87;Margalef多样性指数表明,S3站位也是最高,为5.95,S8站位最低,为3.0。Pielou均匀度指数分析,S2站位最高,为1.05,S1站位最低,为0.64;其中,S3站位为重点保护的江段。针对松溪鱼类多样性胁迫因素（如水电站建设、水体污染和过度捕捞）,提出了可持续发展的建议。

英文摘要：

Based on the data which were collected in 8 sampling stations of Songxi River in 2007-2008,fish species,dominant species,normal species,fish ecological types and biodiversity of fish community structure in Songxi River were analyzed.Fishes of 5 orders,17 families,49 genera and 63 species were collected in Songxi River.In these fishes,Micropterus Salmoides,Tilapia sp.were alien species;Liobagrus anguillicauda was protected fish of Fujian Province and Crossostoma stigmata Nichols,Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus were endemic species in Fujian Province.Fish community through IRI indexes were anaylazed,Plagiognathops microlepis,Acrossocheilus,Sinibrama macrops,Carassius auratus,Zacco platypus,Squalidus argentatus,Hemibarbus labeo were the dominant species;Barbodes caldwelli,Leiocassis albomarginatus,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Cyprinus carpio and Pseudohemiculter dispar were normal species.The ecological types of the fish were consisted of benthic fishes,omnivorous fish and adapting to lentic or slow current fishes mainly.Three diversity indexes which were Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H＇）,Margalef diversity index（D） and Evenness index（E） were used to analyze the characteristics of species diversity of the fish communities.The max value of H＇ was 2.94 and the min value was 1.87.The max value of D was 5.95 and the min value was 3.0.The max value of E was 1.05 and the min value was 0.64.S3 sampling station was proteced importantly.In accordance with the key factors to impact decreases of the fish diversity,such as stam construction,water pollution and excessive catching,some suggestions on the sustainable fiseries development were proposed.

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