中文摘要：

从《国语》等先秦文籍中可见，先秦时期普遍存在着“咨于故实”的观念，它与“法先王”思想、殷鉴意识等互相缠绕，有异有同，同为重要的历史观念。“故实”观强调在行事时要斟酌是否有“故实”（即“可效法的成例”）作为参照，它表明了先秦古人对于以往历史事实的理解、判别、取舍及模仿，从而使得“故实”成为古人重要的行事依据；而“历史”亦因之时刻返照于“现实”之中。“故实”观反映出先秦古人历史理性的早启和史学生活的发达，折射出各自的文化背景，同时兼具法律和制度生成层面的意义。

英文摘要：

From the classics like GuoYu of the pre-Qin period, we could find that there existed the concept of ＂drawing on past experience to make current decision＂. It blends with the concept of ＂Following the example of previous generations of emperors＂ and ＂drawing on the experiences and lessons of history＂. There are differences as well as similarities among the three . They are all important historical ideas. The essence of the concept was that when they do things, they must use correct examples in history as the standard. It shows that ancient people could understand discrimination, trade-offs, imitation of the historical facts, and they could connect the history and the reality closely. It reflects the differences between the ancient and other ethnic grous in history, and reflect their dif- ferent cultural baekm＇ounds, thus havin~ the significance in the nroduction of the law and system