中文摘要：

详细介绍了苦荞刚开花朵人工去雄授粉法,并采用该方法以具有薄壳无沟槽特性的小米荞和米荞1号为母本,分别与厚果壳有沟槽的晋荞麦2号、黔苦5号进行有性杂交,成功获得了杂种及其后代F2植株群体。发现小米荞/晋荞麦2号、米荞1号/黔苦5号的杂种植株均表现为父本的厚壳有沟槽、果壳不开裂特性,说明苦荞厚壳有沟槽性状为显性遗传。对其中4个F2群体厚壳和薄壳特性的分离进行统计分析发现,厚壳特性（thick shell,基因符号用T表示）为显性单基因遗传模式,隐性纯合基因型（tt）将表现为薄壳特性。从平均水平看,各F2群体薄壳型植株的千粒重和单株产量极显著低于厚壳型植株。薄壳型苦荞植株的千粒重比厚壳型苦荞低33%∽43%,而单株产量低26%∽40%。薄壳特性与低千粒重和低单株产量呈极显著的相关性,与株高和株粒数没有明显的相关性。研究还发现,薄壳型植株千粒重变异幅度的最大值可以接近厚壳苦荞的平均水平,而单株产量变幅的最大值可以达到厚壳苦荞平均水平的2倍以上。上述分析表明,通过杂交育种等方法,可使薄壳苦荞的产量接近或达到常规厚壳苦荞水平。

英文摘要：

The procedure of emasculation and artificial pollination on newly opening flowers of tartary buckwheat was stated. Small Rice Buckwheat and Miqiao 1 with thin shell fruits were crossed with common tartary buckwheat varieties Jinqiao 2 and Qianku 5 with thick shell fruits. Some true hybrids and F2 populations of Small Rice Buck- wheat/Jinqiao 2 and Miqiao 1/Qianku 5 were obtained. All hybrids showed thick shell and indehiscent fruits, indi- cating the dominant inheritance. In four F2 populations, the thick shell （here we assigned ＂T＂ as its gene symbol） showed single dominant model, that was, the genotypes TT and Tt eontroled thick shell and the double recessive gen- otype tt controled thin shell. Looked from the average level, the plants with thin shell fruits had much significant lower lO00-grain weight and yield per plant than those with thick shell by 33% -43% and 26% -40% respective- ly. There were much significant relationships of thin shell with low 1000-grain weight and yield per plant, and no re- lationships with plant height and number of grains per plant. The results showed that there were great variation range of 1000-grain weight and yield per plant on thin shell plants, their maximum of 1000-grain weight could be up to the average level of common tartary buckwheat and their maximum of yield per plant could be twice more than the aver- age level of common tartary buckwheat. The above analysis showed that the yield of tartary buckwheat with thin shell was close to the level of common tartary buckwheat with thick shell by means of cross breeding.