中文摘要：

本研究基于张瑞敏个案的社会化过程，探索了领导特质的类型及其形成与关系。研究结果表明，社会化过程中，领导特质表现为四种类型，即根源型、驱动型、思维型和事务型。根源型特质带有强烈的价值判断，积淀并固化于领导者的潜意识中，具有强烈的稳定性，是领导特质的核心层及领导者成长的根本依赖。驱动型特质是不带有价值性判断的领导者自身的主观行为特征，是形成其他领导特质的动力基础。思维性特质是领导者思维意识层面的特质，体现于对待事务时的思维模式。事务型领导特质是领导者对待事务时所呈现的特质，这种特质会依据思维特质的作用而有选择地呈现于领导行为。根源型特质与驱动型特质基于关键事件冲击后领导者的感悟而形成，两者相互激发与固化，并基于关键事件、文化、家庭及教育等因素共同衍生出思维型特质及事务型特质。思维型特质是事务型特质呈现于领导行为的前提，决定了领导者面临一定情况时的事务性特质的呈现选择。根源型特质和驱动型特质共同决定了领导者的成长方向和效率。是区别领导者与非领导者的关键。思维型特质和事务型特质共同决定了领导者的行为方式和有效性，是区别有效领导者与无效领导者的关键。本研究结论不仅能够在领导特质的分类、形成、关系、整体作用、特质激活理论等方面推动领导特质理论的发展，并能为现实中企业领导者的培养和发展提供有效的启发。

英文摘要：

Based on the case study of Zhang Ruimin, we explore the categories of leader traits and how they are generated and their relationships in leaders＇ socialization with the case approach which is the most suitable method to answer research questions on why and how. We propose that leader traits show four categories in leaders＇ socialization, namely root-trait, driving-trait, thinking-trait and affair-trait. Root-trait includes leaders＇ strong value judgment accumulation and consolidates in leaders＇ subconsciousness. It is the core of leader traits and fundamental dependence of leaders＇ growth. Driving-trait is leader＇s own subjective behavior characteristic without any value judgment and is the power foundation of other leader traits＇ formations. Thinking-trait is at leaders＇ thinking level and is reflected in leaders＇ thinking modes when they dealing with affairs. Affair-trait is expressed in leaders＇ dealing with affairs. It is selectively expressed in leadership behaviors based on thinking-trait＇s function. Root-trait and driving- trait come into being based on leaders＇ insight when key events happen and impact on leaders in socialization. They both mutually promote and consolidate each other, and to~ether derive thinking-trait and affair-trait based on the influencing factors including key events, culture, family, education and so on. Thinking-trait is the premise of affair-trait to be expressed in leadership behavior and determines the choice of affair-trait expression when leaders face a certain situation. Root-trait and driving-trait together determine a leader＇s growth direction and efficiency, and are the key factors to distinguish leaders from non-leaders. Thinking-trait and affair- trait together determine the pattern and effectiveness of leadership behavior, and are the key factors to distinguish effective leadership from ineffective leadership. Our study can not only promote the development of leader trait theory traits in the classification, formations, relationships, overall