中文摘要：

天空岛是在大陆人山脉的高举起的区域，它地理上被孤立。我们在西南中国为山采用了这个概念，它在最重要的生物多样性之中是在地球上的热点。我们考察了这个区域的 phylogeographic 研究并且加亮天空岛特征。我们断定在这些岛的种类的基因结构被复杂地形学，气候和产地塑造。全球气候变化，例如更新世气候变化并且周期 QinghaiTibetan 高原高举，也在生物多样性和地理模式上有重要效果，当种类由改变他们的分布或通过改编特质地反应了时。在天空岛的未来研究需要包括 multilocus 数据和比较 phylogeographic 研究，与另外的领域里的方法学的进展集成。用这些途径，我们能检验到什么度地理，气候或生物因素，塑造强壮的地理模式，支持多样化 / 种形成并且保存 species/genetic 差异。我们希望这篇论文将启发未来工作揭开产生了地方性的生物多样性并且解决最必要的问题推进的机制：怎么与在来期间的有限资助保护生物多样性激烈的全球气候变化。

英文摘要：

Sky islands are high-elevation areas in conti- nental mountain ranges, which are geographically isolated. We adopted this concept for the mountains in southwest China, which are among the most important biodiversity hot spots on earth. We reviewed the phylogeographic studies of this area and highlighted the sky-island features. We concluded that the genetic structures of species in these islands were shaped by complex topography, climate and habitats. The global climate change, such as Pleistocene climate fluctuations and periodic uplift of the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau, also have important effects on biodiversity and geographic patterns, when species have responded idiosyncratically by changing their distributions or through adaptation. Future research needs in sky islands include multilocus data and comparative phylogeographic studies, integrating with the methodological advances in the other fields. Using these approaches, we can examine to what degree the geographic, climate and/or biological factors, shape strong geographic patterns, promote diversification/ speciation and preserve species/genetic diversity. We hope this paper will inspire future work to uncover the mecha- nism that has generated the endemic biodiversity and to further resolve the most essential problem： How to protect the biodiversity with limited funding during the coming drastic global climate change.