中文摘要：

2006年10月-2007年4月采用瞬时扫描取样法对云南省昭通市大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区内越冬的黑颈鹤（Grusnigricollis）种群进行了越冬时间分配和日间活动节律的研究。取食是黑颈鹤越冬期间最主要的行为，占（53．05±4．93）％，其次为警戒（18．75±2．65）％、搜寻（10．38±1．34）％和休整（10．32±4．93）％，其余行为依次为：行走（4．90±1．59）％、飞行（1．70±0．38）％、其他（0．55±0．41）％、争斗（0．36±0．25）％。黑颈鹤的出飞时间与日出时间、飞回时间与日落时间分别具有显著的正相关和负相关关系。越冬期间黑颈鹤日间各时间段（1h）（09：00-18：00）和各月份间（2006．11—2007．03）行为差异极显著（P〈0．05），并呈现出上午和下午取食双峰、中午休息高峰的规律性变化。气温高时黑颈鹤增加休整时间减少取食时间：气温低时则减少休整时间增加取食时间。偏相关分析说明：环境温度独立地对越冬时间分配产生影响，湿度通过温度对黑颈鹤越冬时间分配产生相反的影响。

英文摘要：

From October 2006 to April 2007, wintering behaviors and the daily cycle of Black-necked Cranes （Grus nigricollis） were observed with instantaneous and scan sampling methods at Dashanbao National Nature Reserve, Zhaotong, Yunnan. During the wintering period, to meet wintering energy needs Black-necked Cranes spent most of their time feeding, which was about 53.05±4.93%. Other behaviors such as vigilance, searching, maintenance, walking, flight, and fight were 18.75±2.65%, 10.38±1.34%, 10.32±4.93%, 4.90±1.59%, 1.70±0.38%, 0.55±0.41%, 0.36±0.25%, respectively. Our results indicated that roost departure time had positive correlation with sunrise time, while roost arrival time had negative correlation with sunset time. One-Way ANOVA analysis showed that the eight wintering behaviors of Black-necked Cranes had significant differences between every one-hour period （09：00- 18：00） and over the five month period （2006-11- 2007-03）. There were two feeding peaks in the morning and afternoon, with one maintenance peak at noon. Partial analyses showed that environmental temperature affected wintering behaviors independently, while environmental moisture had the opposite effect on behaviors dependent on environmental moisture. When the temperature was high, feeding was low and maintenance was high. When the temperature was low, maintenance was high and feeding was low.