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中文摘要：
为研究公路对大型哺乳动物造成的影响，分别采集新疆省道110、203、303公路两侧的天山马鹿粪便样本，采用5个微卫星位点进行个体识别后利用Arlequin3．11进行遗传距离、基因多样性、杂合度等测定分析。结果表明：5个微卫星均具有很好的多态性，5地区中松树塘与寒气沟、白石头马鹿的遗传距离最远，松树塘马鹿的基因杂合度、基因型数量均最低；小西沟与白杨沟马鹿之间遗传距离为负值，其基因杂合度、基因型无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。说明公路对栖息地的分割状态不同，会导致种群的遗传情况改变。当公路仅深入栖息地没有将栖息地割裂时，公路两旁种群无差异；当栖息地被公路完全隔绝，则该栖息地内动物的基因杂合度、基因型数量降低；使用中的公路对临近种群的隔绝效果强于废弃旧公路。
英文摘要：
To study the effects of highway on large mammals,Tianshan red deer fece samples from the both side of road S110, 203, 303 were collected. After the individual recognition by 5 kinds of microsatellite, the genetic diversity, genetic distance, heterozygosity were determined using Arlequin 3.11.The results showed that the five kinds of microsatellites had good polymorphism, the highway or road on habitat fragmentation could lead to population genetic change. When the road did not isolate the habitat, the populations along highways had no difference ;when the habitat was completely isolated by highway, the heterozygosity and the number of genotypes decreased ; The isolation effect of highway in use on the population was stronger than that of the road abandoned.
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