中文摘要：

社会转型后期，旁观者围观群体性公共冲突事件的现象明显增多。不同类型的旁观者基于不同的行为动机而围观公共事件，并通过聚集围观、言语评论、情绪积累三个阶段而逐步介入公共冲突事件，从而对公共冲突造成不同程度的影响：“旁观者效应”，使冲突升级的临界点变得更具不确定性；旁观者的规模效应，使相关管理部门措手不及；旁观者的潜在威胁，对社会秩序与稳定构成一定的冲击。因此，应从转变理念、科学有效区分“旁观者”与“参与者”、加强公共对话机制建设、建立健全风险预警机制和社会矛盾应急与调解机制、加强社会建设以促进多元协同治理等五个方面全方位地消解旁观者现象。

英文摘要：

In the late of the social transformation, the phenomenon of ＂onlookers＂ watching the group public conflicts is obviously increasing. Different types of ＂onlookers＂ based on different motives watch public events and participate gradually in the public conflict through three phases： looking on, verbal comments and mood increasing, and lead to the influence of different level to the public conflict： ＂onlookers effect＂, which makes the escalation point of conflict more uncertainty; ＂onlookers＂ scale effect, which makes the related management departments off guarding; the potential threat of ＂onlookers＂, which poses a certain impact to the social order and stability. Therefore, we should change concepts, to distinguish the ＂onlookers＂ and ＂participants＂ scientifically and effectively, to strengthen the construction of public dialogue mechanism, to establish and improve the risk early warning mechanism and the emergency and mediation mechanism of social contradictions, and to strengthen social construction and promote multiple cooperative governance and so on, in order to resolve the ＂onlookers phenomenon＂.