以2008年9月20日上海市浦东、南汇等地区发生的暴雨内涝灾害为例,选取受灾最为严重的川沙镇临园社区作为研究区,从致灾因子评估、脆弱性评估和暴露分析3方面建立了城市社区暴雨内涝的综合灾害风险评估模型。结合遥感影像、实地调查以及各种基础资料数据与GIS技术,对社区暴雨内涝灾害进行情景分析和灾害风险评估,以年均暴雨内涝损失表示研究区的暴雨内涝风险,该研究为城市社区灾害风险规划与管理提供决策依据。
Rainstorm waterlogging is one of the most common natural disaster phenomena in many cities in China,which causes a great impact to urban life and social development.Linyuan Community in the town of Chuansha in Shanghai was selected as a study area.Information collected by means of a small-scale survey on a home-by-home basis,was used to reconstruct the waterlogging scenario that seriously affected the community on September 20th,2008.An integrated model was presented for disaster risk assessment of rainstorm waterlogging from hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment and exposure analysis. To perform scenario analysis and disaster risk assessment, an alternative method for producing several sets of data was implemented by combining aerial photo interpretation, the use of data questionnaires in a community-based field data collection campaign, and, subsequent analysis using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Finally, the average annual waterlogging loss was used to show the risk in Linyuan Community, and some reasonable suggestions for the risk planning and management were given.