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上海市崇明岛农田土壤重金属的环境质量评价

期刊名称：地理学报, 2009, 64(5): 619~628（一级学报）
时间：0
分类：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S153.61[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200062
相关基金：基金项目：国家“十一五”重大水专项（2008ZX07317-006）;国家自然科学基金项目（40730526;40701164）;上海市“十一五”重大科技攻关项目（07DZ12037）
相关项目：饮用水源地底泥重金属再悬浮释放与水源地水质安全研究

关键词：农田土壤, 重金属, 评价, 崇明岛, agricultural soil, heavy metals, evaluation, Chongming Island

中文摘要：

通过对上海市崇明岛28个菜地土壤表层样品、65个稻田土壤表层样品及9个西瓜地土壤表层样品的分析测试，利用国家、行业和地方的相关标准评价了农田土壤重金属（Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg）的环境质量状况。研究发现：崇明岛农田土壤重金属的总体含量为Pb21.597mg·kg^-1、Cd0.176mg·kg^-1、Cr69.395mg·kg^-1、As9.209mg·kg^-1、Hg0.128mg·kg^-1。与上海市土壤背景值相比，除Pb、Cr外，其余重金属平均含量均高于其背景值，Cd、As和Hg分别高出背景值33.0%、1.2%和26.3%。在GIS软件支持下，通过空间插值分析了研究区农田土壤重金属含量的空间分布特征，结果发现，农田土壤质量整体尚好，土壤生态率为1.26%，优良率为97.14%，合格率为1.47%，不合格率为0.12%。以背景值为标准，崇明岛农田土壤Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg的超标率分别为10.1%、85.7%、27.0%、55.4%、55.2%；3种土地利用类型中，菜地受重金属污染最为严重，这主要与菜地施用更多农药有关。崇明岛重金属的年沉降通量分别为Pb7735.470μg·m^-2·a^-1、Cd208.432μg·m^-2·a^-1、As2237.738μg·m^-2·a^-1、Hg52.783μg·m^-2·a^-1，农作物秸秆焚烧处理是崇明岛大气重金属沉降的重要来源，大气沉降对崇明岛农田土壤重金属有较大的影响。

英文摘要：

In order to analyze the contents of heavy metals （Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg） in agricultural surface soils, a large scale survey was conducted in Chongming Island. 28 soil samples were collected from vegetable plot, 65 samples were collected from paddy fields and 9 samples were collected from watermelon fields. Different assessment standards of heavy metals were also used for comparison. Results showed that the content of Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg averaged 21.597 mg·kg^-1, 0.176mg·kg^-1, 69.395 mg·kg^-1, 9.209mg·kg^-1 and 0.128 mg·kg^-1, respectively. In comparison with the background value of soil in Shanghai, mean concentrations of heavy metals in soils all exceeded their corresponding natural background values, except for Pb and Cr. The contents of Cd, As and Hg were 33.0%, 1.2% and 26.3% higher than the background value of Shanghai, respectively. In addition, inverse distance interpolation （IDW） method was also applied to study the spatial variability of heavy metals based on GIS. The results indicated that most of agricultural soils were good, and the ratio of ecology, good soil, certified soil and disqualified soil were 1.26%, 97.14%, 1.47% and 0.12%, respectively. Taking the background value as a reference, the ratios of all the soil samples above the limit were Pb 10.1%, Cd 85.7%, Cr 27.0%, As 55.4% and Hg 55.2%, respectively. Of the three land use types, vegetable plot was polluted most seriously by heavy metals, which is probably related to the over-application of pesticides. The annual deposition fluxes of Pb, Cd, As and Hg were 7735.470 μg·m^-2·a^-1, 208.432 μg·m^-2·a^-1, 2237.738 μg·m^-2·a^-1 and 52.783 μg·m^-2·a^-1, respectively.

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