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抗生素环境行为及其环境效应研究进展

ISSN号：0254-6108
期刊名称：《环境化学》
时间：0
分类：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085, [2]北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院,北京100083
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（20837003,20890111,20921063）资助

关键词：抗生素, 分析方法, 污染现状, 吸附和降解, 毒性效应, 抗性基因, antibiotics, analytical methods, pollution status, sorption and degradation, toxicologicaleffects, antibiotic resistance genes.

中文摘要：

抗生素作为一类抗菌性药物广泛用于预防和治疗人类和动物疾病,并且在畜牧和水产养殖业中用于促进动物的生长.进入人和动物体内的抗生素不能被生物体完全吸收,大部分以原药或代谢物的形式经由尿液和粪便排出体外进入环境中.抗生素是环境中一类新型污染物,由于其使用量大和诱导产生抗生素耐药菌株,对人类健康和生态环境构成威胁,近年来受到日益广泛的关注.抗生素诱导产生的抗性基因（ARGs）也已经被定义为环境中一类新型污染物.本文介绍了抗生素的使用现状、环境来源以及不同环境介质中抗生素的分析方法和污染现状,并且对其吸附降解行为、毒性效应以及ARGs进行了讨论,最后指出了目前研究中存在的问题,并对未来研究进行了展望.在今后,应该更加系统地研究环境中抗生素的污染现状及其迁移转化等行为;开展低剂量长期慢性毒性和复合毒性效应研究;加强对环境中ARGs的污染现状和环境行为研究.

英文摘要：

Antibiotics are widely used to treat or prevent human and animal diseases, as well as to promote the growth of animals in livestock and aquaculture operations. They are often partially metabolized in organisms and excreted as the parent compounds or metabolites into environment via urine and feces. As a group of emerging pollutants, antibiotics have drawn growing attention due to their high consumption and the spread of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） have been recognized as a new class of emerging contaminants in the environment. In this paper, the use of antibiotics, pollution source and analytical methods of antibiotics are described. Then, the occurrence of antibiotics in the environment, including water, sludge, sediment, soil and biological samples, are summarized. Sorption and degradation are also discussed. Environmental impacts such as toxicological effects and ARGs are introduced. Finally, the existing problems and future research directions are proposed. In the future, systematic studies on the pollution status, transport and transformation of antibiotics in the environment should be enhanced. In addition, studies are also needed to explore single and combined toxic effects of antibiotics with long-term and low-dose exposure. Moreover, the pollution situation and environmental behaviors of ARGs in the environment should be researched intensively.