中文摘要：

以‘无核白’葡萄为对照,以其自然营养变异系‘长穗无核白’、‘长粒无核白’、‘大粒无核白’、‘W3’与‘W7’为材料,在新疆吐鲁番鄯善田间栽培条件下比较其果实及光合作用特性,为‘无核白’系列葡萄优良品种选育提供依据。结果表明：（1）供试各营养系具有较高的光、热利用能力,叶片日平均净光合速率（5.527 7~7.412 3μmol.m-2.s-1）均大于对照（4.879 7μmol.m-2.s-1）;除‘长穗无核白’外,其余营养系均无明显光合‘午休’现象。（2）供试条件下净光合速率与田间空气温度、叶片温度、叶片表面蒸汽压差呈正相关;而气孔导度、光照强度等因子是‘无核白’系列葡萄光合作用的非决定因素。（3）‘长穗无核白’的穗长（36.43 cm）是对照（25.27 cm）的1.44倍;各营养系果粒均大于对照,其中‘W3’、‘大粒无核白’、‘长穗无核白’、‘长粒无核白’果粒（2.096 0、2.202 7、2.019 3、1.470 3 g）极显著大于对照（1.057 7 g）。（4）‘长粒无核白’果粒耐压力和果梗耐拉力均极显著优于对照,其他营养系与对照无显著差异;果粒较大的‘W3’、‘大粒无核白’、‘长粒无核白’等可溶性固形物含量（22.92%、23.57%、23.17%）与对照（23.85%）无差异。综合分析认为,供试营养系‘W3’、‘W7’和‘长粒无核白’相对较优良,宜进一步研究;研究证明果实与叶片光合作用特性指标可用于葡萄营养系选种。

英文摘要：

For breeding advanced varieties,we studied the effect of meteorology on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit characteristics of five ＇Thompson Seedless＇ diverse clones（viz.,＇Long-bunch Thompson Seedless＇,＇Long-berry Thompson Seedless＇,＇Big-berry Thompson Seedless＇,＇W3＇ and ＇W7＇） in vineyard of Shanshan,Turpan,China.The results were as follows.（1）The average net photosynthesis rates（Pn） of all five variants（5.527 7～7.412 3 μmol·m-2·s-1） were significantly higher than that of control ＇Thompson Seedless＇（4.879 7 μmol·m-2·s-1）.There was no midday depression of photosynthesis of the materials except ＇Long-bunch Thompson Seedless＇.（2）The Pns were correlated positively with the air temperature（Tair）,the leaf temperature（Tleaf）,vapor deficit at the leaf surface（VpdL） respectively.（3）Bunch length of ＇Long-bunch Thompson Seedless＇（36.43 cm） was 1.44 times of that of the control（25.27 cm）.Berry mass of each variants tested was heavier than that of the control,in which ＇W3＇,＇Big-berry Thompson Seedless＇,＇Long-bunch Thompson Seedless＇,＇Long-berry Thompson Seedless＇（2.096 0,2.202 7,2.019 3 and 1.470 3 g） were significantly higher than that of control（1.057 7 g）.（4）The berry compression resistance and berry detachment force of ＇Long-berry Thompson Seedless＇ were significantly greater than that of control.There was no different statistically of soluble solid contents between the bigger berry variants（＇W3＇,＇Big-berry Thompson Seedless＇,＇Long-berry Thompson Seedless＇） relatively（22.92%,23.57%,23.17%） and the control（23.85%）.These results indicated that the variants ＇W3＇,＇W7＇ and ＇Long-berry Thompson Seedless＇ might be promising clones that should be investigated further.We could deduced a new breeding approach that besides fruit characteristics,photosynthetic response could be used as major indices for breeding new varieties by clone mutation selection.