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中文摘要：
脂肪酸去饱和酶（FAD）是一种膜结合蛋白,参与催化不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成。植物中的FAD主要存在于内质网和质体,根据反应底物和催化产物可以分为ω-3和ω-6两种类型。FAD通常以基因家族形式存在,它们通过影响脂肪酸组分变化进而参与植物生长发育过程,不同家族成员在逆境胁迫反应和果实成熟衰老过程中具有功能差异,相关结果已经引起了研究者的关注。综述了FAD基因家族在果实成熟衰老过程中的功能与调控机制,概述了FAD基因家族成员与果实脂肪酸组分变化,以及果实采后低温贮藏适应性和香气物质生物合成过程中的作用。在已有研究基础上,提出了目前仍需要进一步研究的科学问题。
英文摘要：
Fatty acid desaturation enzyme（FAD）,as a membrane bound protein,catalyzes the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.In plants,FAD is located in endoplasmic reticulum and plastid,and can be divided into omega-3 and omega-6 types according to substrates and catalytic products.FAD usually exists as gene family,which is involved in the process of plant development and growth by influencing the composition of fatty acids.More and more studies have shown that there were functional differences of FAD gene family members in response to stresses and during fruit ripening and senescence.Recent advances in physiological and molecular features of FAD during fruit ripening and senescence were reviewed in the present paper.The present review covered function and regulation mechanism of FAD gene family during fruit ripening and senescence,reviewed the relationship between FAD genes expression and fatty acids profile,adaption to low temperature storage,and biosynthesis of aroma-related volatile compounds in fruit during ripening and senescence.Based on results from the past decade,scientific questions in terms of regulation of FAD gene family during fruit ripening and senescence were suggested for further study.
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