中文摘要：

从国家的视角探究旅游发展价值转移的历程与趋势发现,全球基本形成了双轨化的旅游价值取向：对于遗产类资源的旅游开发实行严格的政府管制,以资源保护和旅游可持续发展为根本目标;对于普通、非垄断性的旅游资源推行充分竞争的市场机制,以经济收益为根本取向。而且旅游业中政府作为的聚焦点逐渐从大众旅游目的地和一般景区的营利目标向遗产类景区的公益性服务转移。受国情影响,我国较长时间更多地关注旅游业的经济问题,选择性地忽视了西方国家更加关注的社会与生态问题,市场化的经营方式延伸到遗产类景区。黑龙江汤旺河国家公园试点计划的推出,标志着我国旅游业发展价值取向转移的开始和对世界国家公园运动的响应。值此之际,需要通过严格的政府规制来保证旅游开发与资源保护间的共促协调,以实现国家公园及相关保护区对全民共享国家遗产、维持遗产资源的永续性和培育国家精神的深远价值。

英文摘要：

Exploring the course and trend of the shift of value orientation in tourism development from national perspective finds that a two-tracked value orientation has been formed globally： strict government regulations on the tourism development of heritage-based resources with resource conservation and sustainable development of tourism as fundamental objective and conducting full competitive market mechanism for the common and non-monopoly tourism resources with economic benefits as basic orientation. The focus of government functions has shifted from profit-oriented mass tourism destinations and ordinary scenic spots to public-serviced heritagebased scenic areas. Influenced by our national situation, we tend to focus more on economic gains from tourism industry and neglect social and ecological issues to which western countries attach more importance. The marketized operational mode has been extended to heritage-based scenic areas. The newly-launched Tang-wang River National Park Trial Program marks the beginning of the shift of value orientation in the development of China＇ s tourism industry and a response to national park movement across the world. At this moment, it is imperative to ensure the coordination between tourism development and resource conservation through strict government regulations so as to realize the common share of national heritages in national parks and relevant protected areas and maintain the continuity of heritage resources and far-reaching value of national spirit.