中文摘要：

病毒的感染以病毒的入口开始进主人目标房间并且开始复制。为这个原因，病毒入口机械是为抗病毒的治疗学的一个优秀目标。一般来说，一个病毒生命周期包括几主要的步：房间表面附件，入口，复制，汇编，和外出，当一些病毒包含另外一个时，上演叫的潜伏。病毒生命周期的早步包括病毒附件，受体绑定，和入口。这些步包含在一个病毒和宿主细胞之间并且这样的起始的相互作用病毒感染，病毒复制的性质，和疾病的向性的主要决定因素正在源于感染。由于在病毒的传染疾病的进步的这些早步的病理学的重要性，对这些步的禁止者的发展是药品的工业的焦点。在这评论，疱疹单一的病毒(HSV ) ，丙肝病毒(HCV ) ，和人， Enterovirus 71 (EV71 ) 分别地被用作包的 DNA，包的 RNA，和非包的病毒的代表。他们的附件和入口的当前的机械学的理解，和为对手筛屑的策略此处被总结。关键词病毒感染 - 抗病毒的治疗学 - 病毒生命周期 - 禁止者屏蔽基础项目：国家基本研究节目(973 )(2009CB522300， 2010CB530100 ) ；中国科学院(KSCX1-YW-10 ) ；广州的科技节目，中国(2007Z1-E0111 ) 。

英文摘要：

Viral infection begins with the entry of the virus into the host target cell and initiates replication. For this reason, the virus entry machinery is an excellent target for antiviral therapeutics. In general, a virus life cycle includes several major steps： cell-surface attachment, entry, replication, assembly, and egress, while some viruses involve another stage called latency. The early steps of the virus life cycle include virus attachment, receptor binding, and entry. These steps involve the initial interactions between a virus and the host cell and thus are major determinants of the tropism of the virus infection, the nature of the virus replication, and the diseases resulting from the infection. Owing to the pathological importance of these early steps in the progress of viral infectious diseases, the development of inhibitors against these steps has been the focus of the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, Herpes Simplex Virus （HSV）, Hepatitis C Virus （HCV）, and Human Enterovirus 71 （EV71） were used as representatives of enveloped DNA, enveloped RNA, and non-enveloped viruses, respectively. The current mechanistic understanding of their attachment and entry, and the strategies for antagonist screenings are summarized herein.