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中文摘要：
为探究热敏性饲料原料乳清粉及不同含量乳清粉的仔猪配合饲料的热物理特性,该文以仔猪料配方中的4种主要饲料原料玉米、豆粕、乳清粉和鱼粉为研究对象,采用混料设计的方法得到33种不同含量（0-30%）乳清粉的仔猪配合饲料,并利用差示扫描量热法（differential scanning calorimetry,DSC）测定了4种单一原料在25-120℃范围内以及33种仔猪配合饲料在25-110℃范围内的比热,分析了乳清粉及高含量乳清粉（质量分数≥14.548%）的仔猪配合饲料的热变性过程。结果显示：玉米、豆粕和鱼粉的比热分别与温度（25-120℃）呈线性、对数和二次关系,而乳清粉的比热与温度（25-110℃）遵循三次多项式的关系;当配合饲料中含有≥6.25%的乳清粉时,其比热与温度遵循三次多项式的关系;配合饲料的比热显著受温度、原料配比以及二者交互作用的影响（P〈0.001）,其中,温度的影响最为显著,而乳清粉含量的影响次之。DSC热焓曲线上,乳清粉在109.79℃会出现吸热峰,为乳清蛋白的热变性导致;而随着温度由20℃升高到110℃,乳清粉颗粒由存在许多凸起与微孔的粗糙表面结构逐渐过渡为光滑、粘结的状态。与乳清粉相似,高含量乳清粉的配合饲料也会在77.95-87.69℃出现吸热峰。在仔猪配合颗粒饲料的加工过程中,为降低乳清蛋白的变性程度、减少环模制粒机的堵机现象,应将调质温度降低至70℃以下为宜。研究结果为高含量乳清粉的仔猪配合饲料的调质、制粒等热处理过程的工艺优化提供理论指导。
英文摘要：
Whey powder is a kind of thermosensitive feedstuff,which is particularly prone to pyrogenation and protein denaturation in conditioning and pelleting processing of pellet feed for weanling pigs.Pellet mill can be blocked easily when the feed formulation is designed with high level of whey powder.Studies on thermal proprieties of whey powder and formula feed containing different levels of whey powder are required for parameter optimization in thermo processing of formula feed.As corn meal,soybean meal,whey powder and fish meal are the most common and important ingredients in the diet of weanling pigs,33 kinds of formula feeds consisting of different levels of corn meal（22.6%-70%）,soybean meal（13.7%-46%）,whey powder（0-30%） and fish meal（0-10%） were obtained by D-optimal mixture design method in this work.Proximate composition of 4 ingredients including moisture,crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,crude fiber,starch,lactose contents was determined.The specific heat of these 4 ingredients at the temperature range of 25-120 ℃ and 33 kinds of formula feeds at 25-110 ℃ were measured by DSC（differential scanning calorimetry） at a programmed heating rate of 10℃/min,and the prediction models of specific heat as a function of temperature were established.Thermal denaturation of whey powder and formula feeds containing high levels of whey powder was also analyzed by DSC.The moisture contents of corn meal,soybean meal,whey powder and fish meal were 12.01%,10.96%,3.84% and 7.28%（wet basis） respectively,and the crude protein contents were 8.08%,47.26%,11.24% and 65.73%（wet basis） respectively.The specific heat of corn meal ranged from 1.614 to 2.705 k J/（kg·K）,soybean meal from 1.844 to 2.529 k J/（kg·K）,whey powder from 1.355 to 2.911 k J/（kg·K）,and fish meal from 1.592 to 2.464 k J/（kg·K）.Whey powder showed significantly lower values of specific heat at 25-100 ℃ compared to the other 3 ingredients,but significantly higher value at 120 ℃（P〈0.05）.The specific heat of
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