中文摘要：

人口问题是可持续发展的核心问题,在全面建设小康社会的新的历史时期,新疆未来的人口发展状况对区域整个国民经济和社会发展都将起着关键的影响。文中采用《新疆统计年鉴》统计数据对新疆2010年和2020年的人口发展规模做出预测,并在预测的基础上对人口与水资源、耕地资源、矿产和能源资源的可持续发展进行了分析。通过预测分析得到以下结论：新疆未来的人口增长速度依然会相当高;人口增长对于水资源、耕地资源和矿产能源资源的压力不会很大;但是鉴于新疆人口存在的人口文化素质低、人口城镇化水平低以及流动人口数量大等问题,仍然必须制定科学的人口政策,促进人口与经济社会的可持续发展。

英文摘要：

Population is the core of sustainable development. In the new period of creating a fully well - off society, the future population of Xinjiang will play an crucial role in the whole economy and social of the region. The prediction of the population development in the 2010 and 2020 of Xinjiang province was made by using the data of Xinjiang Statistic Year - book, and the sustainable development of the population and water, cultivation, mineral, energy were analyzed on the foundation of prediction. By the analysis such conclusions could be obtained： Firstly, the increase of population in Xinjiang will maintain a high speed. Secondly, the increase of population will not give a great pressure to the water, farmland, mineral and energy. Thirdly, because of the low - level of education and urbanization and also the floating population exsiting, reasonable policy on population must be set up to promote economic and social sustainable development.