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中文摘要：
自英国生态学家查尔斯.艾尔顿1958年撰写的《动植物的入侵生态学》出版至今,半个世纪已经过去,这部著作被公认为是生物入侵在科学研究方面的开端。这期间生物入侵研究经历了萌芽期（20世纪80年代之前）、成长期（20世纪80年代）和快速发展期（20世纪90年代末期至今）。在这个过程中,越来越多的概念、假说、方法和技术被提出和整合到生物入侵研究之中,由此催生了一门生态学领域的新兴学科——入侵生物学。本文在对近50年来生物入侵专著和论文的统计分析基础上,介绍了国际生物入侵研究的发展脉络和现状。同时综述了中国入侵生物学在基础和应用研究方面的相关进展,着重阐述了主要科学问题（＂入侵潜力与成功入侵的关系＂、＂入侵种种群的扩张与扩散＂、＂入侵种的生态适应性与进化＂及＂本地生态系统对入侵的响应及可入侵性＂）和预防与控制的技术体系（风险评估与早期预警、检测与监测、狙击与灭除、生物防治、生态修复与干扰调控）,并进一步介绍了中国入侵生物学学科体系的构建和框架,提出入侵生物学是研究外来物种的入侵性与生态系统的可入侵性,以及外来物种预防与控制的科学,是一门多领域交叉的学科。最后展望和讨论了中国入侵生物学学科发展可能遇到的一些问题。
英文摘要：
Half century passed since Chades S. Elton＇s book ＂The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants＂ was published in 1958, which is generally acknowledged as the starting point for focused scientific attention on biological invasions. After that, bio- logical invasions research experienced a ＂germination＂ stage （before 1980s）, a growth stage （1980s）, followed by continued and rapid development （from the 1990s to the present）. During those periods, more and more concepts, hypotheses, methods and technologies were developed and applied to this field. By today, the new ecological discipline Invasion Biology （IB） was born. Invasion Biology is defined as an interdisciplinary scheme to study invasiveness of invasive alien species and invasibility of ecosystems, and to develop prevention and management technology of invasive alien species. Here we present some statistics on invasion books and papers in the last 50 years and illustrated the international development of IB. We also review the basic and applied research on IB in China, focused on the key scientific questions （invasion potential, genetic differentiation, ecological adaptations and system resist- ance）, the technical systems of prevention and control （detection and surveillance, risk assessment and early warning, suppression and eradication, biological control, ecological restoration and intervene adjustment）. The construction and framework of IB in China were further detailed.
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