陀螺技术作为惯性导航的重要组成部分已广泛应用于国民经济和军事工业的众多领域.文章综述了包括机械陀螺、光学陀螺和原子陀螺在内的陀螺技术的发展过程和基本特点,着重论述了集成光学陀螺及其相关技术研究的现状与发展趋势.通过对比各种类型陀螺的性能特点,结合导航技术的发展趋势,展望了各种陀螺在相应领域的发展前景.
As an essential part of inertial navigation technology, gyroscopes have been explored extensively in many industrial and defense fields. This paper reviews the development and characteristics of mechani cal, optical and atomic gyroscopes, focusing on the development of integrated optical waveguide gyro scopes. With regard to future navigation technology, the prospective applications of various types of gyroscopes in specific areas are discusssed by comparing their relative advantages and disadvantages.