中文摘要：

目的综合评价不同县区的居民用药习惯。方法以山东省为研究样本,采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,于2012年10月按照经济发展水平抽取4个市,每个市随机抽取3~4个县区,每个县区随机抽取3~4家社区卫生服务中心,向机构内医生发放问卷并当场回收,共调查14个县区的232名社区医生。以居民对非基本药物、抗生素以及静脉注射的要求使用率三项指标作为用药习惯的评价指标,采用密切值（Ci）法计算14个县区的居民用药习惯Ci并将结果排序。结果14个县区的居民用药习惯Ci由小到大依次为G（-1.000 0）、C（-0.845 1）、B（-0.811 8）、M（-0.808 9）、F（-0.767 8）、I（-0.753 9）、N（-0.747 8）、J（-0.688 5）、A（-0.680 6）、L（-0.671 7）、K（-0.645 3）、E（-0.549 1）、H（-0.533 8）、D（0）。结论 14个县区中,G地区居民用药习惯最好,D地区最差,可以通过强化医生用药指导等措施来改善居民用药习惯。

英文摘要：

Objective To make a comprehensive evaluation of medication habits of residents in different counties and districts. Methods In October 2012,we took Shandong Province as the research sample and used multi- stage stratified random sampling method to select subjects. Four cities were selected according to economic development level,and 3 to 4 counties or districts were randomly selected from each of the 4 cities. From each of the counties or districts,3 to 4 community health service centers were randomly selected. Questionnaires were distributed to doctors in the centers and recollected on the spot. A total of 232 community doctors in the 14 counties or cities were investigated. The rates of requiring the usage of non- essential drugs,antibiotics and intravenous injection were taken as the evaluation indexes of medication habits. The osculating value method（ Ci）of was used to work out the medication habits of the residents in the 14 counties or districts,and the results were ranked. Results The values of Cirepresenting the medication habits of the residents in the 14 counties or cities were ranked in an ascending trend as follows： G（- 1. 000 0）,C（- 0. 845 1）,B（- 0. 811 8）,M（- 0. 808 9）,F（- 0. 767 8）,I（- 0. 753 9）,N（- 0. 747 8）, J（- 0. 688 5）, A（- 0. 680 6）, L（- 0. 671 7）, K（- 0. 645 3）, E（- 0. 549 1）,H（- 0. 533 8）,D（ 0）. Conclusion Among the 14 counties or districts,the residents in G have the best performance in medication habits,and the residents in D have the worst. The medication habits of residents could be improved by reinforcing the medication guidance from doctors.