中文摘要：

危机救助指冒着生命危险去保护和拯救他人，这种行为多见于男性，但无法用进化论的个体选择观点解释。本研究基于进化心理学中代价信号理论，探索启动求偶动机对个体在危机情境下的冒险救助意愿的影响。结果表明，启动择偶动机会导致男性的危机救助意愿上升；而女性的危机救助意愿则在启动择偶动机后下降。这一结果支持如下观点：男性在危机情境下冒险救助的行为是一种代价信号行为，具有为吸引异性这一目标服务的功能。

英文摘要：

It has been well documented that men are much more likely to provide heroic assistance in emergencies （Johnson, 1996）. However, such heroic resucue disobeys the theory of evolution （Darwin, 1871）. Studies investigated charitable donations suggested that public prosocial behaviors might be considered as costly signaling behaviors, serving the function of displaying one＇s wealth and generosity, with the ultimate goal of attracting potential mates （Griskevicius et al., 2007）. Although heroic rescue meets the four criteria of costly signaling behaviors, there was no direct evidence supporting the notion that heroic rescue, like public charity, also serves the function of attracting potential mates. The present study directly tests this possibility by examining the effect of mating motivation on men and women＇s heroic rescue tendencies in emergent situations The present study used a 2 （gender： male vs, female） ×2 （mating motivation induction vs. control condition） study design, and participants （N = 196, 90 males and 106 females; Mags = 22.36, SD = 2.89） were randomly assigned to the mating condition and control condition. In line with the previous studies （Durante ＆ Li, 2009; Griskevicius et al., 2007; Hill ＆ Durante, 2011; Roney, 2003; Wilson ＆ Daly, 2004）, mating motivation was induced by photographs of highly attractive opposite sex. Then, heroic rescue tendencies were measured by the questionnaire of Griskevicius et al. （2007）, which consisted of five emergent situations. Participants＇ risk taking tendencies on financial decisions were also measured by a 10-item questionnaire developed by Liu （2010）. The total scores of each of these two questionnaires served as the dependent variables. The results of the experiments showed a significant interaction between gender and mating priming on heroic behaviors： after mating motivation induction, male participants showed higher intentions of heroic rescue, whereas female participants showed lower intentions of heroic