中文摘要：

该研究以2013～2014年配制的108个甘蔗常用组合为研究对象，进行了l新l宿家系试验。通过测定家系新植和宿根的株高、茎径、丛有效茎数、锤度及新植丛重、新植锤重性状，分析各性状的遗传变异及估计性状的遗传参数，并进行了家系的综合指数选择。结果表明，除宿根丛有效茎数之外，其他所有性状在家系间均存在极显著差异；新植蔗的株高、茎径、丛有效茎数的广义遗传力、遗传变异系数和相对遗传进度均高于宿根蔗。新植蔗和宿根蔗的锤度的广义遗传力、遗传变异系数和相对遗传进度的差异无统计学意义；新植家系的锤重与丛重之间。表型和遗传相关达到了极显著水平；通过综合指数选择。选出了湛蔗74-141×CP72-1210、桂糖05-3084×粤糖91-976、云蔗02-1588×ROC22、福农39号×桂糖03-1229、棱糖02-901×桂糖03—2357、桂糖05—2743×桂糖03-1229、桂糖92-66ROC22、德蔗93—88×ROC22、桂糖05-3445×桂糖03-2309、粤糖00-319×CP72-1210、桂糖03-3089×ROC22、粤糖91-976×CP84-1198、粤辐90-95×CP72-1210、云蔗99-601×桂糖00-122、粤糖00-236×ROC22共15个优良家系，人选家系的丛重和锤重的遗传增益较太：综合指数选择与以锤重单性状选择的结果不完全相同，秩次相关系数为0．748，达极显著水平。

英文摘要：

Sugarcane family evaluation on 108 hybridized combinations generated during 2013-2014 was conducted by measuring the main traits of plant and ratoon crops. Stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk number per stool and brix were investigated in both plant cane and ratoon cane, while stalk weight per stool and brix weight per stool were measured only in plant cane. Genetic variation and genetic parameters of all traits were analyzed, and the families were evaluated based on comprehensive index method. The results showed that the stalk height of both plant and ratoon, stalk diameter of both plant and ratoon, stalk number per stool of plant, brix of both plant and ratoon, stalk weight per stool and brix weight per stool were sig- nificantly different among the families. Stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk number per stool of plant crop showed higher level of broad-sense heritability, genetic variation coefficient and relative genetic advance than those in ratoon crop. But there were no significant differences in broad-sense heritability, genetic variation coefficient and relative genetic advance of brix between plant and ratoon crops. Analysis of phenotypic and genotypic correlation showed that stalk weight per stool was significantly correlated with brix weight per stool, Fifteen elite families including Zhanzhe 74-141× CP72-1210, Guitang 05-3081×Yuetang 91-976, Yunzhe 02-588×ROC22, Funong 39× Guitang 03-1229, Guitang 02-901×Guitang 03-2357, Guitang 05-2743×Guitang 03- 1229, Guitang 92-66×ROC22, Dezhe 93-88×ROC22, Guitang 05-3445×Guitang 03- 2309, Yuetang 00-319×CP72-1210, Guitang 03-3089×ROC22, Yuetang 91-976×CP84- 1198, Yuefu 90-95 ×CP72-1210, Yunzhe 99-601×Guitang 00-122, Yuetang 00-236× ROC22 were selected based on comprehensive index method, and stalk weight per stool and brix weight per stool showed greater genetic gain. The families selected based on comprehensive index were not completely the same as the families selected by brix weight per stool, the rank correlation coefficient of the families se